【作者】 程跟锁；

【导师】 金东海；

【作者基本信息】 西北师范大学 ， 教育学原理， 2005， 硕士

【摘要】 随着我国高等教育成本分担机制、高等学校学费制度的逐步完善以及我国高等教育大众化目标的进一步实现,高等教育发展过程中的公平与效率、教育质量与均衡发展等一系列问题逐步引起社会各界的极度关注,比如如何关注弱势群体的高等教育机会与质量等。虽然我国高等教育系统逐步建立了以“奖、贷、助、补、减”为主要措施的系统的贫困生资助制度,但与我国高校庞大的贫困生群体相比仍有较大差距,尤其是对特殊的少数民族群体,无论在政策层面还是实施过程都还存在着诸多问题,亟待研究。对于贫困生资助问题的深入分析和贫困生问题的逐步解决,不仅可以保障弱势群体接受高等教育的权利,促进教育公平和社会和谐发展,也可以促进我国高等教育收费制度的顺利实施,增强高校办学能力,推进我国高等教育的进一步发展。 本论文将借助于教育公平理论、贫困经济学、高等教育学、教育经济学等相关理论来对西北师范大学少数民族贫困生的资助问题进行较为深入、细致的分析。本研究分为三个部分,第一部分是引言;第二部分在文献综述的基础上对我国普通高校贫困生的现状、贫困生的资助制度等进行细致分析;第三部分采用问卷调查法、访谈法对西北师范大学少数民族贫困学生的资助制度、现状进行调查和分析,并对资助的运行机制进行一定的评价。最后在借鉴国内外高校贫困资助政策和模式的基础上,从西部地区贫困生的特点出发,提出相应的一系列政策建议,以推进高等教育的就学机会和在校竞争的公平。 作者通过文献和问卷、访谈等调查分析发现:西北师范大学少数民族贫困生资助制度也逐渐形成了“奖、助、勤、补、贷”的系统,这极大地提高了贫困学生的高等教育就学机会;从资助来源看,少数民族学生得到的主要资助来源是学校;从学生得到资助的分布看,低收入家庭学生得到资助机会较多;从多种资助方式的有效性看,减免学费是资助方式中最为有效的一种,其次是助学贷款、助学金和勤工俭学,第三位是奖学金、助学金和勤工俭学;从学校学费标准认同的角度看,学校的学费标准基本符合学生家庭的教育付费能力,但高校学费价格信号对少数民族学生就学有一定影响;但从资助总体看,少数民族贫困生的资助也存在一些问题:诸如投入有限、覆盖面太窄,区域性政策导致少数民族资助比例倾斜,对少数民族学生的资助宣传力度不够,助学贷款资助模式由于贷款手续、还贷压力等因素影响了推广使用的有效性,学校减免学费资助制度的有效性一定程度上影响了学校公用经更多还原

【Abstract】 With the maturity of cost participation system and tuition system in higher education of China, and with the realization of popularizing higher education, the questions, such as education fairness, education efficiency, education quality and balanced development of education, are gaining increasing attention, among which stands the question about education opportunities and quality of disadvantaged groups. In China, although we have established a financing institution involving scholarship, loan, subsidy, aids and abating to help the disadvantaged groups, the needs of the huge number of poor students are to be met, especially the part of poor minority students. There are a lot of questions existing in policies and practice. A deeper study into the problem of financing poor students can not only improve the protection of the rights to receive high education of disadvantaged groups, promote social fairness and balanced development of our society, but help to guarantee a smooth development of tuition system of higher education, strengthen operation abilities of universities and colleges, and promote a further development of higher education in China.The present thesis is to make a deep study into the question of financing poor minority students in Northwest Normal University, with fairness theory in education, poverty economics, advanced pedagogy and education economics as its theoretic basis. The thesis consists of three parts in all. The first part is an introduction. The second part is a detailed analysis on the present situations of poor students in all universities and colleges in China and the present financing practices, based on a comprehensive literary review. In the third part, with help of questionnaires and interviews, the writer makes a delicate analysis into the financing system for poor minority students in Northwest Normal University and its present situation, and also makes an evaluation on the operation mechanism of the system. At the end, borrowing the foreign models of financing poor students, out of the characteristics of poor students in Western China, the writer raises some corresponding suggestions concerning policies to promote fair opportunities entering universities and fair competition on campus.By way of literary review, questionnaires and interviews, the writer finds out that NWNU has gradually formed its system of scholarship, loan, subsidy, aids and abating in financing its poor minority students, which to a large extend supplied fair opportunities for poor students to enter universities and colleges. From the aspect of financing sources, financial aids poor minority students have got are mainly from the university; from the aspect of distributionof financial aids, students from families of lower income have more opportunities to get the aids; from the aspect of effectiveness of multi-fmancing-part model, abating tuition is still the main channel, then is the channel of loan, subsidy and on-campus part-time job, and the third most important channel is scholarship; from the aspect of identification with present tuition system, the present tuition is suitable for the education payment ability of average families, but the implication shown by high education tuition standard has a negative influence on opportunities of entering universities and cplleges for minority students; from the aspect of the whole body receiving financial aids, there are still problems in financing poor minority students, such as limited devotion, limited number of students covered, regional policies leading to unbalanced financing, insufficient propaganda, weak effectiveness of financing models caused by complicated refunding procedures and refunding pressure. On the other hand, the effectiveness of abating tuitions influences the daily expenditure of the university, which leads to a certain pressure on the university and accordingly influences the university’s economic benefits.To the problems existing in the present policies of financing poor minority students and the actualization of the polices, on the basis of sufficient demonstration and regarding the actual characteristics of poor minority students in Western China, the writer raises some suggestions to improve the present policies to further promote the fair opportunities entering universities and colleges for such students, and to shrink the gap in high education development among different regions. The actual suggestions are: 1, to show enough consideration on special characteristics of minority students and strengthen categorization of poor students; 2, to increase financial investment in universities and restrain the rising tuition standard effectively; 3, to establish a tangible refunding model of compensation - a financing system on the basis of national loans; 4, to popularize the financing system originated in Xinjiang in which financial aids mainly come from the residential places of students; 5, to perfect the financing system and supervision mechanism; 6, to strengthen spiritual help and reduce psychological pressure of poor students; 7, to enhance the propaganda for the work of financing poor students.更多还原