【作者】 张晓华；

【导师】 刘旭东；

【作者基本信息】 西北师范大学 ， 教育学原理， 2005， 硕士

【副题名】审视中小学的课堂常规

【摘要】 课堂作为教育活动的主要场所,是一个充满着生机和活力的整体。常规,作为课堂中教师教学和学生学习不可缺少的规范或制度,长期以来,一直处于人们的教育视野之外,处于一种“想当然”的状态。对于课堂常规的研究,是从人类社会发展和教育发展的整个历史出发,尤其是从最初的低层次的自在教育到制度化或形式化教育的发展过程中去探究,追溯了课堂常规的内涵、特点及历史发展,着重探讨了学校规范或制度与人自由发展的关系,并指出学校规范或制度是对人自由发展的保证,并随着人的自由发展而发展。 在探讨学校规范或制度与人自由发展的关系的基础上,对传统课堂常规的当前表现进行实证考察后发现,课堂常规无论在存在方式上以及所发挥的作用和价值方面都发生了“异化”,强调对学生一味的外在管束和控制,成为了一种严格的规训力量。通过运用微观权利技术理论进一步深化课堂常规的研究,揭示了课堂常规的规训技术和内在机制,破除了人们对课堂常规的迷信,并指出传统课堂常规是工业文化下技术理性设计的产物,过分强调课堂常规反映了工业社会中人们对效率和数量的追求。 在批判传统课堂常规的基础上,课堂常规的自由追求并不是不要规范的约束和限制,而是从人自由发展的实际出发,突破规范或制度的一元性,增加规范或制度的多元价值性和宽容性。随着新的文化价值观的确立,从课堂常规自由追求的理念出发,教育面临的重要任务就是要建立一种尊重儿童自由和保障儿童权利的新的教育规范或制度、教育理念和教育实践方式。 在教育改革背景下,课堂常规的创新要以校本思想为引导,充分发挥各方面教育力量的作用,形成一种民主对话的氛围,从而积极地寻求课堂常规创新的策略,不断提升课堂常规的育人功能。更多还原

【Abstract】 Classroom, which is regarded as the major activity spot of education, is a unity full of vitality. Classroom routine, as indispensable discipline and regularity for teaching and studying, has been far from people’s eyesight all the time, and in a situation of taking it for granted. The present thesis, beginning with the whole development history of human beings and education, from un-principled education to principled education, carries back the connotation, characteristics and historical development of classroom routine, and lays stress on inquiring into the relationship between school regularity or discipline and all-round development of human. The thesis points out that the school regularity or discipline guarantees all-round development of human and it does as all-round development of human develops.After examining the present situation of traditional classroom routine, based on debating the relationship between school regularity and all-round development of human, the thesis points out that the classroom routine is alienated either in existential form or in exerting its function and worth, which lays stress on external restriction and control and becomes a kind of strict disciplined power. Through Microscopic Theory of Rights Technique, the thesis further opens out the discipline technique and inner mechanism of classroom routine so as to break down superstitions on it, and the thesis also points out that the traditional classroom routine is the output of the technical rational design in industrial culture with the characteristics of rather emphasizing the efficiency and quantity in industrial society.Based on the criticism on traditional classroom routine, the pursue of classroom routine is not to ditch the principle, but to break through the uniqueness of the principle, and increase the tolerance and muliti-value, with the purpose of all-round development of human. With the establishment of new cultural values, what is important for us is, With the idea of free pursuit , that new educational discipline, idea, practice way of respecting the children’s freedom and ensuring their rights should be established.On the background of education reform and with the school-based minds, the classroom routine should exert all kinds of education resource and form democratic atmosphere to seek creative strategies of classroom routine, continuously promoting its education function.更多还原