【作者】 徐海波；

【导师】 张崇禧；

【作者基本信息】 吉林农业大学 ， 中药学， 2005， 硕士

【摘要】 北五味子Schisandra chinensis(Turcz.)Baill.,为木兰科植物,其果实和种子入药。是一种应用价值高、开发前景十分广阔的药食兼用的经济植物。 主要成分 五味子主要成分为木脂素、挥发油、多糖和有机酸。此外还含有其它成分,如脂肪酸、树脂、鞣质等成分。五味子的果柄、茎、根中也含有与果实相同的五味子木脂素。 药理作用 药理研究证明五味子能保护肝脏,增强免疫力,延缓衰老,改善人的智力活动,提高工作效率。临床主要用于治疗慢性肝炎,久咳虚喘,自汗、盗汗,心悸、失眠、多梦等。 五味子资源综合开发利用 五味子是一种药食兼用的中药材,除药用外,以五味子为原料开发的产品还有五味子果酒、果酱、果醋、果冻、果茶、果汁饮料及化妆品和一些保健品。 五味子藤茎研究进展 迄今已从五味子果实中分离出几十种木脂素类成分,对五味子果实中挥发油、有机酸、微量元素等成分都做了分析与含量测定。而对五味子藤茎化学成分研究较少,仅少量关于藤茎中木脂素含量的报道。宋万志等在70年代曾对北京产五味子藤茎进行过初步研究,证实五味子藤茎中含有和果实中相同的木脂素类成分,总木脂素含量7月份最高。于俊林等测定了不同年生五味子藤茎中五味子甲素和乙素含量,结果四年生以上茎藤中五味子甲素、乙素含量均高于果实。 民间常采北五味子藤茎晒干代花椒做调味品,习称“山花椒藤”。用其作为调味品使用时,其汤具有辛辣、苦、涩、麻等混合味,是一种很好的绿色食品。五味子的藤茎、果实、叶、根都可用来泡茶,五味子全株入药有控制血压、延缓衰老的作用。 本研究的意义 根据我国中药制药、酿酒及其它保健功能食品生产规模的初步统计,未来五年国内北五味子的需求量在8000吨左右,而目前全国野生北五味子的年收购量仅为2500吨,缺口较大,而且向东南亚各国的出口量也在不断增加。原料的紧缺状况使一些大、中型更多还原

【Abstract】 Schisandra chinensis(Turcz.)Baill., Magnoliaceae, whose fruits and seeds are used for medicine in china. It is an economic plant which has high applied value and has great foreground for development in food and medicine. CompositionThe main compositions of Chinese magnoliavine fruit are lignan, volatile oil, polysaccharide and organic acid. Additional, there are so many chemical composition such as fatty acids, resin, tannin etc. Lignan has also found in the fruit handle, the caculis, the root of Schisandra chinensis(Turcz.)Baill.. Pharmacodynamics actionThe research on pharmacodynamics has proved that the Chinese magnoliavine fruit had the effect to protect the liver, strengthen the immunity of body, postpone the senility, improve the people’s intelligence activity, increase the efficiency to work. It is used for the treatment to chronic hepatitis primarily, and also be used to treat the night sweat, nocturnal emission, palpitation, agrypnia etc. The synthesize development of Schisandra chinensis(Turcz.)Baill. resourcesChinese magnoliavine fruit is a kind of Chinese herbal medicine, in additionit has various healthy functions for human and has been used in cosmetics production, to produce jam, fruit vinegar, jelly, fruit tea, juice beverages and some other healthy products. Researches progress on caculis of Schisandra Chinensis(Turcz.)Baill.Now there are nearly sixty kinds of lignan have been separated from the Chinese magnolavine fruit, the same time there are some research to analyze the content of the volatile oil and the organic acid, microelement, amino acids, etc.. But few works has been done on the chemical compositions in Caculis of Schisandra Chinensis(Turcz.)Baill, there are few reports concerning the lignan which get from it. Schisandrol B has been seperated from it. The primary study on the caculis s chemical composition of the Schisandra Chinensis (Turcz.) Baill., has been done by Song Wan -zhi in 70’s in Peking, which confirmed that it has the same lignan as Chinese magnoliavine fruit and the content of lignan is highest in July. Yu Jun-lin assaied the content of Wuweizisu B and Deoxyschisandrin in caculis of Schisandra Chinensis(Turcz.)Baill. which growth in different years, the results showed that the content of lignan of the 4 years old were higher than the fruit.People also use it as condiment and it was called "wild pepper" in folk, the flavor is peppery, bitter mixed. The caculis, the fruit, the leaf, the root of Schisandra Chinensis(Turcz.) Baill. can be used as tea. The whole herbs can control the pressure of blood and defer the body to decrepitude. Value of the researchAccording to the sale circumstance relate to the Chinese medicine, wine and other function food, the demand about Chinese magnoliavine fruit is 8000 tons or so in the future five years, but the current collection quantity is only 2500 tons now. In addition to the largequantity need indoor, there are continuously increased demand of import in Southeast Asia, the condition of the lack in raw material has made so many enterprise could not organize production, the price of Chinese magnoliavine fruit is also enhanced continuously, which relate to the destroy of the resources, at the same time there are so many fruit which is not mature emerged in market, it has caused the resources less for use, which effects the sale of the product and the benefits of the consumers, indirectly affect the development of new products of Chinese magnoliavine fruit.Although there are so many wild resources of Chinese magnoliavine fruit, the total reserves is 57,000 kilogram, but nearly half is in the far mountain area. Because of inconvenience for transportation and the restriction of the fruits period for collect, there are many resources are wasted and can’t be made good use.The Schisandra Chinensis(Jwcz.)&dLi\\. blossoms few inside the woods. For example, the ratio of pistillate flower and staminate flower is 3.4% in the woods, it is the 40.2% at the edge of woods, and on the open space the number is 51.2%. The Caculis of Schisandra C/zmmyw(Turcz.)Baill. grows very fast in nature, who competes the nourishment material with the bud and the fruit. To increase the quality of Chinese magnoliavine fruit, it is need to shear 1/4 — 1/3 annually to guarantee the normal growth of the fruit.The research shows that there are the same lignan in the caculis of Schisandra chinensis (Turcz.)Baill. as the fruit , and the content is high. It maybe has the same function .But the resources of it are abundant, and it did not be restricted for collect period, having great value in pratice.Our work tends to make use of the caculis of Schisandra chinensis(Turcz.) Baill., to develop the medical use of it, to extend the source of Chinese magnoliavine fruit, and to alleviate the supply and demand conditions. From the view of pharmakognosie and the new medicine resources development, we analyze and compare the chemical composition of the fruit and the caculis ofSchisandra chinensis(Turcz.) Baill.This thesis studies the character, microstructure, TLC of the Caulis of Schisandra Chinensis (Turcz.) baill from pharmacognosy, assaies the extract, organic acid, ash content of it and provides proof for the clinical use and the deeper exploration.Analyze and assay the content of lignan, volatile oil, polysaccharide and organic acid of the caulis ofSchisandra chinensis(Tvxcz.) baill collected in different place, time and years. To study the method for extract of lignan and polysaccharide, to find the suitable condition for collect. We provide the proof for the further development in industry.This research certificates that there are a lot of lignan, volatile oil, polysaccharide in caulis of Schisandra Chinensis(Turcz.) baill., and the Caulis has the good foreground for medicine use to be developed. We get the content of lignan is 4.32 %-5.62 %, volatile oil is 0.31 %-0.44%, polysaccharide is 2.88 %-4.15 %in which collect in different time. The Caulis and fruit of Schisandra chinensis(Turcz.) baill contain the same composition almost, except the organic acid content is obvious differently.The contents of this research is novel, and few report was found in domestic and abroad. Our research can provide the proof in practice produce, extend the medical source of Chinese magnoliavine fruit, alleviate the supply and demand conditions and the resources ofSchisandra Chinensis(Tvrcz.)Bai\l.. Which growes in the far mountain area can be make the best use of. But it is only been used as condiment, there is no further development and exploitation in our country. Therefore, it has a good development foreground in medicine usage.If the medicine research proofed that the caulis of Schisandra Chinensis(Ywcz.) baill. can take place of fruit at last, or partly used in some Chinese medicines to replace the fruit. Then we can develop cultivate mainly for harvest caulis of Schisandra Chinensis(Juxcz.) baill. extend its cultivation district by people, the foreground is so wide.The research is novel, it can extend the medicine source of Chinese magnoliavine fruit, the resource of Schisandra Chinensis(Tvacz.)Bail\. in the far mountain area can be made the best use also. It can alleviate the supply and demand conditions, decrease the increasingly price and provide plentiful raw material for wine, drinks and health protection product etc. Let Schisandr chinensis(Twcz.)Bail\. contribute more to the healthy business for mankind.更多还原