【作者】 何晓昀；

【导师】 王虹；

【作者基本信息】 武汉理工大学 ， 信号与信息处理， 2005， 硕士

【摘要】 铁谱技术是以磨损磨粒分析为基础的故障诊断方法,在铁谱技术中,磨粒图像是反映机械设备内部零部件磨损状况的重要信息载体,磨粒特征分析是监测对象实际状态十分丰富而又有效的方法。磨粒识别是铁谱分析的核心环节,直接关系到磨损状态诊断的正确性。磨粒成分与磨损构件成分相同,正确判断磨粒成分可以确定机械磨损位置,给保养和维修带来极大的方便。磨粒颜色与磨粒组成成分有很大的关联,本文使用主成分分析法在HSI色度空间上判断磨粒颜色,通过磨粒颜色分布确定磨粒组成成分。 长期以来,由于三维成像设备性能和成本的限制,磨粒分析一直局限在二维形貌分析上。本文利用光学显微镜聚焦范围有限的特点,以改进拉普拉斯算子作为聚焦评价函数进行磨粒表面高度的测量,提取与聚焦高度相对应的像素点叠合生成能够反映磨粒表面全貌的全景深图像,最后结合磨粒表面高度信息和全景深图像重构出磨粒表面三维形貌图。为了满足计算机实时进行三维重构需求,本文还给出了一种磨粒表面形貌三维重构的快速算法。本文使用DSP、步进电机、CCD摄像头和改装过的光学显微镜设计了进行磨粒三维形貌测量的装置,并编写了基于Visual C++.net的磨粒表面形貌实时分析及三维重构软件。 本文的主要研究工作有: 1.综合国内外有关文献,对铁谱磨粒分析技术和微观物体的三维测量技术的发展和现状进行综述,结合本课题研究的要求,阐述了本文的主要研究内容。 2.应用主成分分析法在HSI色度空间对磨粒的颜色进行了分析,找出一种判断磨粒组成成分的方法。 3.分析论述了铁谱图像的数字图像处理技术和微观物体三维测量的原理、方法以及在磨粒测量上的应用。 4.使用DSP、步进电机、CCD摄像头、改装的光学显微镜和计算机设计并制作了一套微观物体三维形貌光学测量装置。 5.使用VC++设计了磨粒表面形貌分析与三维重构软件并使用自行设计制作的微观物体三维形貌光学测量装置对磨粒进行分析并重构出磨粒表面形貌三维图像。更多还原

【Abstract】 The ferrography is a fault diagnosis method based on the analysis of wear particle. In the ferrography, wear particle images reflect the important information of the spare part wearing and tearing within the mechanical equipment. The recognition of the wear particle is the core step of the ferrography. The result of the recognition has direct relation to the correctness of the wear condition monitoring for the equipments. As the composition of the wear debris is the same to the composition of the wear part, an appropriate judgment of the wear debris composition would allow a right definition of the source of the wear particle generation and provide valuable information to the maintain of machinery. The primary component analysis was applied to the wear particle HSI color parameters to judge the composition of the wear debris.Wear debris analysis is restricted to the 2-D shape analysis, because of the limitation of the cost and capability of the 3-D imaging equipment. 3-D analysis is used in some special case. As the depth of field of optical microscope is limited, the sum-modified-Laplacian (SML) operator is used as the image focusing evaluation function. Then the wear debris surface altitude is measured. The image pixels correspond to the focus altitude are segmented from the image and a full depth image is formed. Then the surface altitude information and the full depth surface image is fused together to reconstruct the 3-D surface of wear debris. For real time reconstruction, a quick reconstruction arithmetic is provided. For the reconstruction of the 3-D shape, a change was applied to the optical microscope to get an appropriate equipment to measure the 3-D shape of wear debris. A debris analysis and surface reconstruction software was designed on the Visual C++.net platform.The main contents of the thesis are as follows:1. The development and up-to-date status of wear particle analysis technology and 3-D measure technology at home and abroad are evaluated synthetically. Thestudy plan and main content are presented.2. Principal component analysis is applied to the analysis of wear debris HSI color parameters, and a method to determine the composition of wear debris is found.3. The use of image processing in ferrography image analysis and the theory of 3-D measurement and its use in wear debris measurement is discussed.4. A 3-D shape measurement set is designed using DSP, step-motor, optical microscope, CCD camera and computer, and used on measure 3-D shape of debris5. Software on Visual C++.net is brought forward to analyze debris and reconstruct the 3-D shape of wear debris. The 3-D shape of a wear debris is rebuild using the set mentioned above to collect the 2-D image serial and reconstruct the 3-D shape.更多还原