【作者】 孙伶俐；

【导师】 侯祺棕；

【作者基本信息】 武汉理工大学 ， 环境工程， 2005， 硕士

【摘要】 本次研究采用电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法（ICP-AES）对武汉理工大学南校区14个TSP监测点及4类污染尘源（交通尘、土壤尘、建筑尘、煤烟尘）样品中的S、Si、Ti、V等30余个元素组份进行测定,得到本区域大气环境TSP和污染尘源的元素百分含量及特征谱,为大气颗粒物的源解析研究提供了实测数据。本次研究实验监测时间为2005年3月24日～5月15日,样品分析时间为4月～6月。采得TSP环境样品共68个（A区44个,B区24个）;尘源类共54个（交通尘样24个,土壤尘样8个,建筑尘样6个,燃煤烟尘样16个）;SO₂样品液40支。 本次实验采用由美国Instrumental Laboratory公司PLASMA300型ICP-AES光谱仪进行样品元素组份测定。在确定实验样品预处理消解方法前,将微波法和加热法分别对样品进行消解发现,加热消解中Al、Ca、Mg等元素损失比微波消解严重。经微波消解后的待侧溶液澄清透亮,而加热消解后的溶液较为混浊,不利于ICP-AES进液。根据分析对照结果认为微波消解法是大气颗粒物中元素测定较理想的样品预处理方法。本次研究实验的样品膜全部选用微波消解法（高压）进行消解。 武汉理工大学南校区TSP中金属元素As、Co、Cr、Pb污染状况较为严重:从空间分布情况来看,A3、B5处元素As污染较严重,B5处浓度值最高0.185μg/m³;A1处元素Co污染最严重,浓度值高达0.368μg/m³;A2、A6、A7、B3处元素Cr污染都较严重,浓度值都在0.2μg/m³以上;A2、A8、B1处元素Pb污染较严重,B1处浓度值高达0.925μg/m³。 武汉理工大学南校区A区TSP日均浓度值范围为0.061～0.315mg/m³,超标率为12.5%,最高浓度值出现在A6处0.315mg/m³,SO₂日均浓度值范围为0.011～0.274mg/m³,超标率为12.5%,最高浓度值出现在A8处0.374mg/m³;B区TSP日均浓度值范围为0.379～0.838mg/m³,超标率为100%,最高浓度值出现在B4处0.838mg/m³,SO₂日均浓度值范围为0.008～1.226mg/m³,超标率为83.3%,最高浓度值出现在B3处1.226mg/m³。武汉理工大学南校区B区TSP、SO₂污染情况较A区严重,部分地段或时段出现TSP、SO₂超标现象。 运用美国环保署EPA-CMB8.2受体模型软件对武汉理工大学南校区TSP元素组份数据进行解析得:校园A区土壤尘源贡献率为54.09%,交通道路尘源贡献率为30.47%,煤烟尘源贡献率为9.33%,海盐粒子尘源贡献率为6.11%。土壤源、交通道路尘源、煤烟源为A区主要TSP污染来源。校园B区土壤尘源的总贡献率为41.65%,建筑尘源贡献率为19.05%,钢铁尘源贡献率为9.43%,交通道路尘源贡献率为6.30%,煤烟尘源贡献率为0.16%,海盐粒子尘源贡献率为23.41%。土壤尘源和建筑尘源为B区主要TSP污染来源。另外海盐粒子尘源的污染也不容忽视。 运用美国SPSS 12.0 for Windows数据统计分析软件对TSP元素组份数据进行因子分析表明武汉理工大学南校区TSP污染源主要有5种。估算出建筑尘源贡献率为57.524%、土壤尘源贡献率为19.458%、煤烟尘源贡献率为14.495%、交通道路尘源贡献率为6.742%、钢铁尘源贡献率为0.952%。 结果表明,CMB法和FA法是比较可靠的源解析研究方法,解析结果与本研究区域的实际情况基本吻合。根据源解析的结果及武汉理工大学南校区TSP的污染特征,有针对性的提出各污染源污染的控制对策。更多还原

【Abstract】 This article employs the inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry（ICP-AES） method to investigate the more than 30 species element of S, Si, Ti et al. in 14 total suspended particles（TSP） ambient sites and 4 species pollution sources （including traffic dust, soil dust, building material dust and coal smoke dust） samples in the South-School area of Wuhan University of Technology. According the investigation, results have been obtained that elements content percentages and characteristics graphs of TSP and pollution sources and offered the measured informed database for atmospheric particles source apportionment research. This research sample collection date is from March 24^th to May 15^th and analytical date is from April to June. In this experimentation there are much collected samples including 68 TSP ambient samples（44 in A area and 24 in B area）, 54 pollution sources samples（24 of traffic dust, 8 of soil dust, 6 of building material dust and 16 of coal smoke dust）, 40 tubes of sulphur dioxide sample liquor.This experimentation adopts PLASMA300 type ICP-AES Spectrometry apparatus made by US. Instrumental Laboratory company to carry out the elements make-up analysis. Before finding out the better sample digestion method, by the means of digesting samples through two different ways which are microwave digestion and heat digestion it shows that the microwave digestion is better than heat way because that the elements such as Ah Ca、 Mg etc. have lost worse by the latter than the former, and because the handled liquor of microwave digestion is clear while that of heat way is unclear that will lead to be unfavorable to feed in ICP-AES mode. In terms of comparison results, the better sample digestion way has been ascertained to handle elements of atmospheric particles. So the samples of this experiment choose the microwave digestion method to deal with.In the South-School area of Wuhan University of Technology, mass concentration of heavy metals in TSP is remarkable. The contamination extent of heavy metal is great that are elements of As、 Co、 Cr、 Pb. At A3 and B5 site the contamination of element As is greater and the greatest value is 0.185μg/m3 at B5 site; At A1 site the contamination of element Co is the worst and the greatest value arrives 0.368μg/m3; At site of A2、 A6、 A7、B3, the contamination of element Cr are also worse and the values are above 0.2μg/m3; At site of A2、 A8、 B1 the contamination of element Pb are as well heavier and the highest value 0.925μg/m3 sticks out at Bl site.In the South-School area of Wuhan University of Technology, the day-average value of TSP exceed the country 2^nd level value at the A4^A8 sites in A area, as the highest valueexceeds 0.97 time and the highest exceed coefficient is 100%. In B area at B4 site the TSP day-average value exceeds 1.79 time ,while at B3 site TSP exceeds 0.96 time and SO2 over 7.17 time. As a whole the TSP and SO2 contamination condition in B area is worse than that in A area, and at part sites and occasions that turns out much over-level times.Applying the EPA-CMB8.2 receptor model software to analyze the TSP-element-constitute database in the South-School area of Wuhan University of Technology, the contribution rates of 4-5 sources to TSP are calculated: in A area soil dust is 54.09% -. traffic dust is 30.47 % % coal smoke dust is 9.33 % and marine dust is 6.11%. The main contamination sources to TSP in A area are soil dust, traffic dust and coal smoke dust. In B area soil dust is 41.65 %>. building material dust is 19.05 % -. steel dust is 9.43 %-. traffic dust is 6.30% > coal smoke dust is 0.16% and marine are 23.41%. The main contamination sources to TSP in B area are soil dust and building material dust apart from the marine dust.In order to assay the TSP-element-constitute database better, applying the USA SPSS12.0 for Windows statistics analysis software to carry out fator analysis, the results show that there are 5 main TSP pollution sources in the South-School area of Wuhan University of Technology. The contribution rates of the 5 sources are roughly estimated that building material dust source is 57.524%% soil dust source is 19.458% > coal smoke dust source is 14.495 % > traffic dust source is 6.742 %, steel dust source is 0.952 %.As a whole, the results indicate that CMB and FA model are reliable models for sources apportionment and outcomes are in accord with what it is. According to the apportionment results and pollutant characteristics of TSP in the South-School area of Wuhan University of Technology, counter-TSP-pollution control measurements and management for kinds of sources have been provided respectively focusing on varied dust contamination feature.更多还原