基于GIS与RS技术的区域生态环境敏感性评价研究

【作者】 闵婕；

【导师】 赵纯勇；

【作者基本信息】 重庆师范大学 ， 人文地理学， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 随着社会的发展和技术的进步,人类对自然环境的影响范围和强度都在不断加大,由此也引起区域生态环境问题在不断扩大和加剧,如沙漠化、水土流失、盐渍化和酸雨等。因此人们对区域生态环境敏感性的研究也日益增多,随着地理信息系统理论和遥感理论的不断完善和技术手段飞速发展,它们的技术已由最初有限的应用范围扩大到了目前几乎所有与空间信息有关的应用领域。特别是进入九十年代以来,地理信息系统理论和遥感理论的不断完善,导致了各种功能强大的商业地理信息系统软件的出现。大量实用的地理信息系统软件的出现,又促进了地理信息系统向各个应用领域扩展。在这种背景下将最新的地理信息系统技术和遥感技术应用到生态环境研究就显得非常迫切。 本文针对生态环境研究中的核心问题——敏感性评价,以三峡库区重点县城——丰都县为例,尝试在生态环境敏感性评价中融入地理信息系统技术和遥感技术,以解决过去在评价中效率低、精度差、费时费力等问题,实现生态环境敏感性评价的信息化、科学化。在本文的研究中,构建了一个以ARCVIEW地理信息系统为平台基础,完成GIS空间建模,从而进行生态环境敏感性评价。通过本文的研究,主要取得了下列成果: (1)区域生态环境敏感评价基础理论研究。定义了生态环境系统和生态环境敏感性的概念。从生态环境系统与层次分析法相结合,建立了区域生态环境敏感性评价的概念框架以及评价指标体系选取的概念框架。这一成果可为区域生态环境敏感性总评价和生态环境管理实践提供理论指导。 (2)区域生态环境敏感性评价制图尺度研究。在实验数据的基础上,对区域生态环境系统敏感总评价的区域尺度、制图尺度、成图视觉效果、数据精度、数据量负荷之间的辨证关系进行了系统的研究,并得出了区域尺度生态环境敏感总评价的数字研究环境框架。 (3)利用GIS的空间分析技术,使得区域生态敏感性评价如土壤侵蚀定量评价、滑坡敏感评价脱离了原理的计算麻烦、数据量大的缺点,并能使整个过程操作流体化。 (4)重点生态因子敏感性评价。在分析区域生态环境现状的基础上,建立了几个对生态环境敏感影响重要的因子,即土壤侵蚀、滑坡敏感、酸沉降对生态系统的敏感、生境敏感性。并分别利用模型对其评价。 (5)评价模型研究。在分析现有各个环境与生态评价模型方法的基础上,建立了最优化的区域生态环境敏感性总评价模型。用于区域生态环境敏感性综合评价与制图。更多还原

【Abstract】 Given in the situation of development in society and improvement in technology, human beings have been affecting greatly in intensity and range of physicial environment. Therefore some problems of regional ecological environment have been going side by side broadenly and intensely.such as desentification, soil erosion, salinization and acid rain etc. Meanwhile, studies in the sensitivity of ecological environment of Geographical Informations System and remote sensing theory, GIS and RS are expanded from the limited applying area initially to now, which are coveting overtly all applying area related to space information, especially since the 1990s, The improvements in GIS and RS theory lead some powful softwares of commerce GIS to come into forth.These practical softwares promote the expanding of GIS in all application area. So, it is an urgency that the application of GIS and RS is used to the study of ecological enviroment.This thesis focuses on the heart of the ecological environment study—sensitivity evaluation .It takes the focal coutry town of "Three Gorges Reservoir Area -Feng Du country as an example", attempts to combine the GIS and RS into the sensitivity evaluation in the ecological environment in the aim of solving some problems in evaluation, such as the low efficiency, short precision and high costs in time and energy. If tries to make the sensitity evaluation in the ecological enviroment to achieve in combining all kinds of informations and sciences. On the basis of constructing a platform of ARCVIEW GIS, this thesis makes a model for GIS, and evaluates to the sensitivity of ecological environment.So this thesis tries to answer the following quests. (1) The theoretical basis for the foundation theory of environment evalus .the sensitivity evaluation of the regional ecological environoment. At first, this chapter gives the definition of GIS and RS then , if builts up two definition frame works,one is sensjtifivity evaluation of regional ecological environoment,which is taken from the combination of ecological environment system and stratification analysis,the other is abstracted from evaluation quota system.The two definition frameworks can give the theorectical direction for the ovderall sensitivity evaluation of the regional ecological environment and for the administrating practice in the ecological environment.(2). The study of the chart measure in the sensitivity evaluation of the regional ecological environment. Taking the experimental data as consideration, it takes the systematical study in the dialectical relations between the regional prameter; the chartmeasure, the visual effect of picture, data precision and the data amount charge and gives the data studying environment framework of the overall sensitivity evaluation in regional ecological environmental parameter.(3). Enlightened by the GIS space analysis technology, it overcomes some problems in the sensivity evaluation in the regional ecological environment, such as quantitative analysis for the soil erosion ,the sensitivity evaluation of the landslide, if solves some shortages of mas-calculation and the great amount of data,and tries to make the whole process to be stream line.(4)The sensitivity evaluation in the focal ecological elements based on analyzing the current condition of the regional ecological environment, this chapter takes several elements which is related closely to the ecological sensitivity. They are the regional soil erosion, the landslide sensitivity, acid subsiding which effect the sensitivity of the ecological system.And it tries to evaluate them from the model.(5)The study of evaluation model. Based on the analysis of current methods in evaluating relations between the environment and ecology, if builts up the optional overall evaluation model for the sensitivity of the regional ecological environment.this model can be applied in the synthetical evaluation and the chart of the sensitivity of the regional ecological environment.Genuine knowledge comes from pracice.the sensitivity evaluation classification of the regional ecological environment which is based on the GIS and RS theory,are more quick and efficient than the traditional evaluation in this rara.If combine it to a proper evaluating model,it can replace entirely the trational sensitivity evaluation method.As a result,it doesn’t only rise the working efficience,improve the sensitivity evaluation of the ecological environment secientifcally and precisely,but also it can make a great progress in the sensitivity evaluation of the regional ecological environment for its model analysis,quantitative analysis and modernization.更多还原