Fenton技术处理含聚丙烯酰胺废水的研究

【作者】 李金莲；

【导师】 陈颖；

【作者基本信息】 大庆石油学院 ， 化学工艺， 2005， 硕士

【摘要】 三次采油技术在我国已进入大面积工业化推广阶段,随之而来产生大量的三采废水（包括聚合物驱废水和三元复合驱废水）。此类废水中因含有大量的聚丙稀酰胺（HPAM）,而使油水黏度大,乳化严重,聚丙烯酰胺（HPAM）的存在显著地增加了乳状液及水膜的稳定性,当 HPAM 水解度越高时,这种影响越大,这使得油水很难靠自然沉降分离。鉴于此,本论文对 Fenton 技术降解 HPAM 进行了系统的研究,考察了初始 pH 值、H₂O₂、Fe²⁺、酒石酸钠的用量和光照等因素对 HPAM 降解的影响,同时研究了此项工艺对实际油田三次采油废水的处理效果。 用 Fenton 技术处理 HPAM 废水,结果表明:UV/Fenton/C₄H₄O₆^2-为最佳处理工艺;最佳化学计量比为 H₂O₂:Fe²⁺:C₄H₄O₆^2-=10:1:1;反应时间为 120min;初始 pH 值为 3;最佳温度 22.0℃;HPAM 初始浓度的增加对其降解效果具有明显的抑制作用。 UV/Fenton/C₄H₄O₆^2-技术处理聚合物驱废水时,氧化剂投加量为 10Q（Q 为理论投加量）时,HPAM的残余率小于 30%;随着 pH 值的增大,聚合物驱废水中 HPAM 的降解效果变差;聚合物驱废水中氧化剂的分批投加是切实有效的。原油降解趋势与 HPAM 降解趋势并不完全相同,除油率较 HPAM 去除率约大 20 个百分点;废水 pH 值越高对原油降解越有利,当 pH=7 时效果最好。 UV/Fenton/C₄H₄O₆^2-技术处理三元复合驱废水时,随着氧化剂投加量的增加,HPAM 降解率增大。当氧化剂投加量从理论投加量 Q 增加到 2Q 时,HPAM 降解效果增加显著;但当投加量为 3Q 时,HPAM降解效果增加幅度很小。UV/Fenton/C₄H₄O₆^2-技术对于三元复合驱废水中油的去除效果远远大于 HPAM降解的程度,原油去除率大于 90%,油含量小于 30mg/L。更多还原

【Abstract】 An enhanced oil recovery （EOR）, including polymer and ASP flooding, has been greatly used in oilfields in China. Due to containing hydrolized polyacrylamide （HPAM）, wastewater from EOR processes is characteryed of high concentration, high viscosity and high emulsification. And the effects are increased with high degree of hydrolysis. Many simple isolation techniques are not ideal. In this research, a new technique of Fenton reagent oxidation was investigated to EOR wastewater. The factor of temprature, pH, H₂O₂, Fe²⁺, and sodium tartrate concentration were studied on HPAM. At the same time, we studied practical wastewater during polymer and ASP flooding. Degradation rate of HPAM in wastewater was investigated. The processing factors were optimized. The results show that UV/Fenton/tartrate system is an optimal technology. The conditions set to 10:1:1 of UV/Fenton/tartrate, 120min of time, 3 of pH and 22.0℃ of temperature. In addition, we deduce that the high concentration of HPAM obviously inhibits the reaction. By Using UV/Fenton/tartrate system, the remaining of HPAM in the wastewater of polymer flooding was less than 30% when the oxidative reagents were added to 10Qth. The removal of HPAM decreased with increasing of pH. The stepwise addition of reagents is much effective. The removal of oil is easier than that of HPAM. The removal of oil is 20% higher than that of HPAM. The higher pH value is, the more effective the degradation of oil is. The most effective is 7 of pH. With UV/Fenton/tartrate system, the removal of HPAM in the wastewater of ASP flooding is increased when Fenton’s reagent rises. When the oxidative reagent grows from Qth to 2Qth, the removal of HPAM increases obviously. But the degradation of HPAM is not obvious when the dose is 3Qth. By using UV/Fenton/tartrate system, the removal of oil is greater than the degree of degradation of HPAM in the wastewater of ASP flooding. The removal of oil is bigger than 90%. The concentration of oil is smaller than 30mg/L.更多还原