【作者】 杨胡坤；

【导师】 徐步云； 梁宏宝；

【作者基本信息】 大庆石油学院 ， 机械设计及理论， 2005， 硕士

【摘要】 随着计算机技术的发展,计算机图形技术在机械制造领域得到了广泛的应用,计算机仿真加工技术就是其最重要的应用之一。所谓仿真加工,就是遵循计算机图形学的基本原理,根据NC代码,在计算机上模拟显示机械加工的过程。仿真加工技术综合运用了计算机技术、图形图像技术、多媒体技术、软件工程、信息处理、自动控制等多个技术领域的知识,是一门新兴的高科技技术。它在减少损失、节约经费、缩短开发周期、提高产品质量和生产效率等方面发挥了重大的作用。 本文充分利用曲面的微分几何特性,对几类五坐标数控加工中心的结构和特点、刀具姿态、刀具轨迹的生成和刀具扫描体的实现作了论述。并由此开发了一个三维仿真加工环境系统,其中的设备单元为一个第一类双转台五坐标数控仿真加工中心。该系统针对回转体毛坯进行了离散化的处理、对五坐标NC加工的刀具姿态、刀具轨迹的生成和毛坯材料的去除作了详细介绍,该系统在刀位文件的驱动下运行。在加工过程中可连续不断地改变视角,以观察加工过程中加工中心的部件运动、零件和型腔的成型过程。 在国内数控虚拟机床技术研究的基础上,本文对数控加工过程的可视化进行了研究,包括仿真加工环境的建造、刀具轨迹的优化模型及刀位计算、NC代码翻译与实现,并着重于NC代码翻译与实现的算法和刀具扫描体研究。本系统以WindowsXP为开发平台,采用C++Builder软件及三维图形软件标准接口OpenGL为工具,初步设计了整个仿真加工的过程。系统的结构包括: (1)仿真加工环境:仿真加工环境由机床、工件、刀具和夹具构成,采用OpenGL和3D max对机床、夹具进行特征造型。 (2)毛坯和刀具的创建:利用OpenGL工具,创建了刀具模型和毛坯的离散化。 (3)仿真加工过程:包括NC代码的处理、三维动画仿真。数控加工过程仿真主要指几何仿真。几何仿真将刀具与零件视为刚体,不考虑切削参数、切削力及其它因素对切削加工的影响,只是对NC代码进行翻译,产生刀具位置数据,并以此数据驱动机床运动部件和刀架运动,刀具对工件进行仿真切削等。更多还原

【Abstract】 With the development of computers, the graphic technologies of computers have been greatly used in machine manufacturing, and the simulating manufacturing has been one of the most important uses. The simulating manufacturing is the technology that shows the process of machine manufacturing according to the NC code on the base of basic principle of computers graphics. The technology of simulating manufacturing synthetically uses computer technologies, graphic technologies, multimedia technologies, software engineering, information processing technologies, and automatically controlling, it is a new and high technology. It has played a most important role in abridging the time of developing products, depressingthe cost of manufacture, advancing the quality of products and the efficiency of production, and so on.This paper has made detailed introduction for the structure and feature of several kinds of 5-axis NC manufacturing center, cutter orientations, creating the cutter path and the achievement of cutter sweeping body on the base of the differential geometry characteristic of surface. According to this, we developed a system of three-dimensions simulative machining environment. The equipment unit among the system is the first kind 5-axis NC manufacturing center of double revolving workbenches. This system can make workpiece of gyrorotor discretize and introduce the cutter orientations, the creating cutter path and the remove of workpiece material in detail, then the system is driven by the cutter path file. It can change continuously the angle of view in the process of simulative manufacturing to observe the parts moving of the machining center and the molding procedure of the part and model-cavity.Basing on studying internal virtual machine tool technology, the author researches the visibility to the numerical controlling machining process. This paper include the setup of the simulative manufacturing environment, optimization module of the trace of the tool and calculation of the tool position, the translation and achievement of NC-code, which focus on the algorithm research of the translation and achievement of NC-code and the research of cutter sweep body. Taking Windows XP as the development platform and using C++ software and 3D Graphical software standard interface OpenGL as tools. This system designs basically the whole simulative manufacturing process. The modules of the system including:1. Simulative manufacturing environment: simulative manufacturing environment is made up of manufacturing center, workpiece, cutter and clamp, and uses OpenGL and 3D max to carry through the feature modeling to machine tool and clamp.2. The setup of workblank and cutter: use OpenGL as tools, we set up the cutter model and the discrete of workblank.3. Simulative manufacturing process: this process includes the NC program coding, the 3D animation simulation. The numerical controlling manufacturing process simulation mainly is geometry simulation. The geometry simulation looks the cutter and parts as rigid body, not considers cutting parameter, cutting force and other factors’ influence to cutting machining, only translates NC code, gives birth to the cutting position’s data, and uses these data to drive machine tool’s moving parts, the tool cuts workblank in simulative environment.更多还原