【作者】 石春芳；

【导师】 杨贵生；

【作者基本信息】 内蒙古大学 ， 动物生态学， 2005， 硕士

【摘要】 2004年1月—2004年12月,对内蒙古自治区呼和浩特市市区7种不同生态环境类型中的鸟类进行了调查研究。同时选取5个鸟类栖息地参数进行分析,以确定影响市区鸟类群落的主要环境因子,并提出城市化综合指数作为衡量城市化生态环境的指标。运用鸟类群落结构参数评价不同类型生态环境中鸟类多样性,探讨了有关鸟类多样性与栖息环境的关系及用鸟类作为城市生态环境监测指标的可行性。研究结果显示:商业区和交通占地中的鸟类群落最为相似,苗圃和公园中的鸟类群落较为相似。景观水平和干扰因素(样带至市中心的距离、噪音、人为干扰、建筑指标)对鸟类的分布、密度、多样性和丰富度具有不同程度的影响。鸟类的密度、多样性、丰富度均随着城市化程度的提高而下降。分析表明,鸟类多样性、群落组成、分布状况与环境质量有关,环境质量决定鸟类多样性、群落结构和生态分布。因此,鸟类可反映城市生态环境质量。树麻雀、喜鹊、大斑啄木鸟、灰斑鸠、戴胜5种鸟可作为城市环境的指示物种。鸟类群落的多样性指数、丰富度指数、分布系数、重要值、群落相似性等群落结构参数可作为城市生态环境监测指标。而且,对于城市市区鸟类的长期监测是很重要的,其中,冬季监测是非常必要的。更多还原

【Abstract】 The bird community on 7 kinds of habitat in Hohhot city were surveyed from January and December in 2004. Five habitat parameters were selected to determine the main environmental factors that influence urban bird communities, and urbanization synthetical index was proposed as the index to exploring the quality of the urban ecological environment.The findings indicated that the bird community of the shopping area and the traffic area are the most similarly , and the bird community of the nursery and park is much similarly;The habitat characteristics of landscape level(distance to city center and percent of surrounding building)and disturbance(noise and artificial disturbance)showed strong correlation with species distributions, densities, diversities and richness.Species density, diversity and richness decreased with increasing urbanization.Consequently, the diversity and the composition of community and distribution of bird are significantly affected by the quality of environment. So bird can reflect the quality of the urban ecological environment. Tree Sparrow , Magpie, Great Spotted Woodpecker, Ring Dove and Hoopoe can be applied as indicator species to estimate the quality of the urban environment. Furthermore, the bird community parameter (diversity index, richness index, distribution index, important index) can be applied as indicator to estimate the quality of the urban environment. It is very important and necessary to monitor Urban bird in long term, especially in winter.更多还原