【作者】 王晓琳；

【导师】 周锡元；

【作者基本信息】 北京工业大学 ， 结构工程， 2005， 硕士

【摘要】 在大地震后,城市遭受的经济损失巨大,使人们开始对现有的抗震设计方法进行深刻反思。基于性能的抗震设计已成为抗震设计方法的未来发展方向。本文采用基于性能抗震设计的理念,给出估算给定强度地震作用下建筑物系统功能可靠性的方法。建筑物系统的功能,是多个服务功能的联合作用,同时各服务功能又是由建筑中的设备和非结构构件组成的。它们的联系可以用一个逻辑关系树描述。利用项目组收集到的资料,采用该方法重点分析了某医院门诊楼工程。医院是在震后救灾中具有战略意义的基础设施,但同时它又是极其脆弱而复杂的系统。急诊功能是医院服务的核心,它由手术室、X 光室、分析实验室、药房等服务功能组成。本文建立了急诊功能的可靠性框图。采用三维弹塑性分析软件CANNY,对钢筋混凝土框架结构进行时程分析,根据变形准则判断结构的破坏程度。通过各个楼层的加速度反应时程计算楼面反应谱,估算非结构单元的地震作用,比较了楼面谱方法和规范的简化方法。根据可靠性理论,建筑物系统中非结构单元的反应和抗力都是随机变量。根据设备安装说明,估算设备的破坏限值。通过研究功能函数,计算在不同强度地震下非结构单元的破坏概率。利用故障树方法,对医院功能系统进行定性和定量的分析,找出最小割集,确定系统失效模式,建立系统的易损性曲线,并给出各非结构单元的重要度。找出系统中的薄弱环节,制定有效的改造策略。结果表明对设备的锚固可以有效的提高系统可靠性。依据投资-效益准则,提出了建筑物系统功能失效损失估算模型。更多还原

【Abstract】 The great financial loss make people think deeply of seismic design method of nowadays after recent several intense earthquakes. Performance-based seismic design has became the developing trend of the seismic design method. Based on the thought of performance-based seismic design, an effective reliability-based procedure is presented to assess the capability of buildings to be functional after a seismic event of a given intensity. The function of a building depends on several cooperating services, which in turn are made up from a certain number of nonstructural components. Such a complex organization may be described in terms of a logical scheme. The project group has collected a large amount of data about a outpatient building of a hospital. When an earthquake strikes, hospitals are strategic infrastructures but are, at the same time, highly fragile and complicate. Emergency treatment, which made up from: Operating theaters; X Rays; Analysis laboratory; Pharmacy and so on, is the core of hospital operation. A logical scheme of emergency treatment is constructed in the paper. The seismic respond of reinforced concrete frame structure is given by a 3-D nonlinear dynamic structural analysis program CANNY through a multiple inputs nonlinear time history method. The deformation failure criteria is used to estimate the damage degree of the structure. The floor spectra for single supported secondary systems are developed to estimate the seismic force on the facilities. This paper discusses the difference between the floor spectra method and the simplified design expressions in seismic design code for nonstructural components and equipment in buildings. With reliability theory, for each nonstructural component a collapse criterion is defined, by which the strength is compared to the action load, both represented as random variables. The strength may be estimated according to the installation handbook. The failure probability of each nonstructural component is proposed through computation and analysis. The Fault Trees Analysis method is employed to analyze the emergency treatment function qualitatively and quantitatively. The function system can be reduced to a minimal cut-set representation. Each cut-set is a failure mode of the function. The fragility curves of system are calculated. Nonstructural components have different weightiness. The method enables to single out weak elements and potential sources of damage within the hospital and to develop optimal strategies for seismic retrofitting and rehabilitation. The anchored equipment will improve the reliability of system. Based on cost-benefit principles, a estimation mode is presented in the paper for the building function failure loss.更多还原