【作者】 万师；

【导师】 王向清；

【作者基本信息】 湘潭大学 ， 中国哲学， 2005， 硕士

【摘要】 十九世纪末期,中国社会的时代主题仍然是探索“中国向何处去?”的道路问题。为了使灾难深重的中华民族走向自由、民主、独立、富强的道路,近代社会的仁人志士从器物、制度、文化诸领域来寻找出路,提出了许多方案,企图使中华民族摆脱危机,走向复兴。严复在此时把西方的“进化论”、“自由观”引入了国门,并与中国的“民本”观念融合起来,以之指导中国人民的实践活动,提出了以“民智”为中心的改革方略,揭示了中国近代危机重重的深层根源,他通过对开“民智”思想的阐述,与中国实际相结合,对中国人民的思想启蒙做出了不可磨灭的贡献。严复以“进化论”、“自由观”和“民本”观念作为他开“民智”思想的理论基础,他运用这些思想,结合当时中国国情,深刻地剖析了影响“民智”开启的历史与现实的因素,探讨了“民智”发展的历史缘由,概括了以“改进民众文化结构”、“革新民众文化方式”、“提高民众政治觉悟”、“增强民众参与意识”为内容的开“民智”思想,通过加强“教育”和主张“立宪”的途径来实现对民众的智力开启,从而达到保国保种的目的。他把西学与中国传统文化融合起来,阐述了开“民智”思想,具有开拓性的意义,不仅有利于当时的人民对西学的了解,也有益于中西文化的会通。但是由于时代与阶级的局限,他的开“民智”思想难免有不尽善尽美之处,可能表现顾此失彼或走向极端等不足之处。尽管如此,他的开“民智”思想,对中国社会主义新时期的改革开放事业有着重要的借鉴作用。更多还原

【Abstract】 Latter stage of the 19th century, is the theme still to explore " where China will go? " in the era of the Chinese society is topic issue. In order to make disaster-ridden Chinese nation move towards the freedom, democracy, independence, prosperous and strong road, modern kind and upright men of society come to look for the outlet from implements, system, culture all field, propose a lot of schemes, attempt to make Chinese nation go out of the crisis. Yan Fu led western " evolutionism ", " freedom view " into the gateway of a country at this moment, and merge with " idea of the people " in China, with the practice activity of its guidance Chinese people, it is for the reform general plan of in the center, announce Chinese nation’s backward deep origin with " the people’s intelligence " to propose, he through which run from opposite directions " the people’s intelligence" exposition of thought, with combine together with reality by China, the contributions to the teaching beginners to make indelibly in the Chinese people’s thought. Yan Fu with " evolutionism ", " free view " and " idea of the people " turn on as him " the people’s intelligence" theoretical foundation of thought, he use thought as combine with China’s actual conditions, it is influence " the people’s intelligence" history and realistic factor that open to analyze deeply, have probed into the historical cause of development that " the people ’s intelligence", have summarized with the " improving people’s culture structure ", " improve people’s cultural way ", " improve people’s political consciousness " , " sense of participation , people of development "of" the people’s intelligence " thought to content and realize through strengthening and " educating " and maintaining the way of " constitutionalism " open" people’s intelligence", thus achieve the goal of assuaring the country protects and plants .He studies the west with China’s traditional culture to merge, it is making " the people’s intelligence" thought , having pioneering meaning , helping at that time people to understanding that west learn not merely to explain, the ones are of value to Chinese and Western culture will be opened, too. But because of era and limitation of class, open " the people,s intelligence" thought is not perfect, he may display and attend to one thing and lose sight of another or move towards such weak points as the extreme ,etc. . Even so, open " the people,s intelligence" thought , turn on reform of the new period of China’s socialism cause has important reference function .更多还原