梁朝诗歌研究

【作者】 屈桂梅；

【导师】 周建忠；

【作者基本信息】 南京师范大学 ， 中国古代文学， 2005， 硕士

【摘要】 本文以梁朝诗歌为主要研究对象,从产生背景、发展原因、诗歌观念变化、到代表作家及其对后代文学的影响等,作了较为详尽全面的研究。本文认为:梁诗中的确艳情颇多,但有其相应原因,首先与东晋以来江南经济的发展即商业的繁荣所带来的俗乐对雅乐的冲击(南朝民歌中多恋情)以至帝王上层等逐渐接受、喜爱并加以大力创作有关。其次,南朝经济富庶、繁华又为上层讲究奢侈、享乐提供了优越条件,其对声色之娱的追求居于重要地位(主要体现为蓄家妓);而“列子”所提倡的厚味、美服、声色及“从心而动”、“任性而游”、“贵身重己”的生活哲学又大大助长了这种社会风气。二者共同作用表现在文学创作上就使梁诗中有了大量描写歌妓、舞女、美人的艳情之作。再次,六朝名士精神的变化也为文学观念的新变(“诗缘情”说)打下了基础。而梁朝帝王集团尤其是梁武帝对文学的重视、奖励与提倡,更促进了梁朝诗歌创作的繁荣。在文学观念上由“诗言志”转向“诗缘情”,敢于打破传统观念的束缚,追求一种大胆言情的文学;这是文学实践上的大胆探索,有一定的贡献。梁朝诗人大多饱读诗书,生活优游,本身并无丰富深刻的生活经历与大起大落的世情历练,又生活在歌儿舞女的奢华社会,长期处于诗酒频繁、歌舞蹁跹的盛宴氛围之中,大量描写歌妓、舞女及美人动作、容貌、神态的诗歌也就应运而生,由于时时、人人皆作,写艳情乃成一时之盛。故诗歌题材尽管分为写景、咏物及女性题材三类,而以女性题材为著,又分为少女痴情、思妇怨情、描写歌妓、舞女、美人艳情及弃妇哀情四类。梁朝代表作家主要是吴均、何逊、萧纲,吴均、何逊是逸出于梁朝艳诗之外的,而萧纲则是艳情代表,但萧纲的边塞诗却相当有力度,可见他并非一味写艳情的高手。对梁朝诗歌的影响研究也颇有价值,其影响波及到陈、隋、唐初及北地文学乃至晚唐韩偓《香奁集》及五代花间词等,所以,通过文学传承、发展脉络的研究,有助于揭示梁朝诗歌自身的地位与意义。更多还原

【Abstract】 The article studies the poems of Liang Dynasty concretely from the following aspects: A.the background of generation ;B.the reasons of development ,the change of literary conception ,typical authors and the influence on the subsequent literature. The author believes that indeed it had a great deal of proximate loving in the poems of Liang Dynasty and it had corresponding reasons. Firstly, it is related to the development of economy on the South of the River since DongJin Dynasty ,especially popular music(ballads of Nan Dynasty),which almost expressed loving, greatly affected elegant music because of flourishing business . The emperors and the upper status gradually aspected ,loved and largely created ballads. Secondly, abundant and prosperous economy in Nan Dynasty provided superior conditions of luxury and enjoyment for the upper status.Their chase of women and songs occupied an important status( mainly showed their owing singsong girls and dancing girls) .At the same time, the book of LieZi advocated the philosophy of living of "good foods,beautiful clothes,women and songs"and"do what you want to do", "tour according to your disposition ","take into account of yourself’,which greatly facilitated social atmosphere.So under the influence of the two factors ,there were a lot of poems discribing of singsong girls and dancing girls or beauties.Moveover, the transformation of spirits in Six Dynasties’ socialites made a base on the new changes of poems’ conception.(poems came into being from feelings.)Whereas the conglomerates of empeors in Liang Dynasty,particully Liang Wudi who emphasized ,encouraged and called for literature_writting,further promoted prosperous writting of poems.On the concepts of literature which transfromed from "poems expressing asbiration "to "poems coming from feeling",poets of Liang Dynasty bravely breaked through traditional bondange,pusuited a forward lytic literature.It was brave exploration in the practice of the literature. They contributed to the development of pomes.Poets of Liang Dynasty read many poems and books, lived a leisurely life.They hadn’t plentiful and profound experience or vast undulate training on the road of their lives,additionally inhabited in a luxurious society of singsong girls and dancing girls,often took part in banquets with poems, wine and singing and dancing,so infinity poems came into being which discribed singsong girls , dancing girls and beauties.These poems discibed women’ action,countennce and expression .Because of these poems writed by everyone for everytime , proximate loving was very popular.Although the themes were classified into three sorts : scene_discripting,objects_reciting and women,yet the last one was the most important,which could be divided into four kinds,as following:younggirls’unreasoning passion,women’ resentment to their husbands , proximate loving of discribing singsong girls,dancing girls and beauties,women’griefs abandoned.The typical authors in Liang Dynasty were Wu Jun,He Xun and Xiao Gang. Wu Jun and He Xun exceeded proximate loving poems. Xiao Gang was the represent.But Xiao Gang writed powerful poems of borders.Therefore he wasn’t always good at love poems.It was of great value in studying the influence on the subsequent literature.lt was involved in Chen ,Sui ,the beginging of Tang and the Northern literature ,even Han Wo’ <XiangLian Ji> in late Tang and five Dynasties’ <Hua Jian Ci>. Hence ,the author study the clues of inheriting and conveying .which helps to reveal the status and value of poems in Liang Dynasty.更多还原