中国舆论监督体制的现状、对策与思考

【作者】 钟芸；

【导师】 金太军；

【作者基本信息】 南京师范大学 ， 马克思主义理论与思想政治教育， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 本文从舆论监督和舆论监督体制的概念出发,揭示出舆论监督的应有内涵,舆论监督的主体是广泛的,其行为是十分具体的,尤其不同于舆论宣传。我们应从舆论监督的主体、对象、运行机制等宏观方面理解中国现实的舆论监督运行,解读中国舆论监督体制。在这种视角下,文章分析了中国社会制度赋予了舆论监督广泛的主体,但由于中国社会成员本身缺乏应有的自组织,舆论监督的事实主体为党政部门所置换,在这种置换的背景下,舆论监督的具体形式和对象透视出中国舆论监督体制存在严重的盲点和误区。其中,盲点主要表现在:中国舆论监督形式技术含量不高,层次低级;现代传媒的活动空间和经营主体资格仍需确认;现代舆论载体的经营权不清、经营方式单一;对政治系统和行政权力的监督缺失;监督主体与监督对象的关系错位;涉及舆论监督法律不完备、组织不健全、道德规范十分随意;舆论监督难以转换成监督权力。误区主要有:中国舆论监督强调社会本位;混淆制造舆论、舆论调控和舆论监督的范畴;重舆论的宣传导向,轻舆论监督;舆论监督机构内在于政治系统,成为政府的机关;新闻媒体一方面过于监督,另一方面舆论监督集中于社会生活,缺乏对公共权力的监督。针对这些问题的对策:舆论监督是公民本位的政治参与的重要形式;是公民通过它约束政府权力的一项制度;是社会主义政治文明建设的重要部分;因而,我们要建构从公民个体到社会政治团体的多层次的舆论监督;从街头巷议、游行示威到有组织的大众传媒的多种形式载体的舆论监督;为舆论监督营造法制的、独立的、德治的和民主的环境。更多还原

【Abstract】 By definiting the concepts of supervision by public opinion and the insititution of supervision by public opinion, this article indicates what supervision by public opinion should be and argues that there are various subjects and specific behaviors in supervision by public opinion. Especially supervision by public opinion is different from propaganda. We should understand Chinese behaviors of supervision by public opinion from the subjects, objects and the ways of movements. In this eye the article analyzes the socialism provides extensive subjects in supervision by public opinion. But since members of Chinese society lack of self-organization, the real subjects of supervision by public opinion was replaced by many departments of government and the Communist Party. In this replacement, there exists many problems and blind points in Chinese supervision by public opinion display: the technology in supervision’ s forms have low-grade, the rights of modern media and the ranges of mass media’ s action need to permit. There are not clear operation rights and simple operation forms. Supervision to political system and administrative power is absent. The relation of supervision’ s subjects and objects is confused. There’ re few law of supervision, the organization on supervision. Supervision’ s morality is very at will. It’ s difficulty transferring supervision by public opinion to supervision power. There’ re also many error trends in supervision by public opinion: Chinese supervision by public opinion stress on the whole society. We always confuse the category of making public opinion, controlling public opinion and supervision by public opinion. We also emphasize on public opinion’ s intention and neglect public opinion’ s supervision. The institution on supervision by public opinion belongs to political system and become the department of government. In one hand the mass media exceed the limit of supervision’ s power. On the other hand, Supervision by public opinion only concentrate . So we must have countermeasure to these problems: Supervision by public opinion is an important political participation for citizen. It is one way for citizen to restrain the government. It is an important portion of socialism political civilization. So we would construct various supervision by individuals or social groups using various forms. We must make a legal system, independent , moralizing, democratic circumstance for supervision by public opinion.更多还原