【作者】 周鼎伦；

【导师】 兰亚佳；

【作者基本信息】 四川大学 ， 劳动卫生与环境卫生， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 下背痛是一种常见的工作有关疾病,患病率高,严重损害了职业人群的身体健康,降低工作能力和生活质量。机械制造业工人人数众多,工作场所危害因素广泛存在。因此,有必要了解机械制造业工人下背痛流行情况及影响程度,以流行规律为基础,探讨其影响因素,为开展有针对性的职业卫生服务提供科学依据。 此研究是一个横断面调查。采用整群抽样的方法从某机械制造厂抽取工种为修理工类、机床操作工类和铸造工类,工龄在1年以上的调查对象共450人。发放肌肉骨骼症状自评量表(Nordic问卷)和影响因素调查问卷,回收有效问卷379份,其中男性302人,女性77人。清理数据后导入SPSS11.0统计软件包分析,描述下背痛的工种、工龄、性别分布和近1年总患病时间及对工作生活的影响;运用非条件Logistic回归分析各影响因素对下背痛年患病率的影响。 机械制造业工人下背痛曾患率、年患病率、周患病率分别为43.3%、37.7%、23.5%。分工种比较,三个时间层面的患病率均是修理工类最高,机床操作工类最低,差异有显著性(P<0.05)。比较不同工龄段下背痛的差异,结果显示随着工龄的增长,三个时间层面的下背痛患病率均呈上升趋势,做趋势检验,曾患率和年患病率差异有显著性(P<0.05),周患病率差异没有显著性(P>0.05)。分性别比较,三个时间层面下背痛患病率差异无显著性(P>0.05)。 机械制造业工人下背痛危害较严重。近1年有143人患下背痛,其中患病天数超过30天的有68人,占患病人数的47.6%;102人在近1年内因下背痛而减少了活动时间,其中30人(29.4%)减少活动的时间超过30天。 下背痛患病率随身高而变化,呈现一种“U”型现象,即中等身高组的工人(1.60m～)患病率要低于矮身高组(<1.60m)和高身高组(1.70m～)。更多还原

【Abstract】 Low Back Pain (LBP), which has high prevalence and severe outcome, is one of the most prevalent work-related diseases among occupational population, injuring physical health, weakening work ability and debasing life quality. There are a large number of workers in mechanical manufacturing industry and hazardous factors in the workplace. Therefore it is necessary to know the prevalence and influence of LBP among manufactory workers, to investigate the influential factors on the basis of epidemiological data and to provide scientific evidence for developing pertinent occupational health service.This research is a cross-sectional investigation. Cluster sampling and self-administered questionnaires (Nordic Questionnaire and Influential Factors Questionnaire) were adopted in this investigation, and 450 manufactory workers were sampled, whose work age were more than 1 year and types of work included repairman, machine tool operator and foundryman. 379 qualified questionnaires were returned, including 302 men and 77 women. After checking consistency and logical accuracy of data, the data were analyzed in SPSS 11.0, describing the distribution of LBP among manufactory workers on type of work, work age and gender, studying the total suffering time of last one year and its effect on life and work, and analyzing each influential factors effect on the annual prevalence of LBP by unconditional logistic regression.The ever prevalence, annual prevalence and weekly prevalence of LBPamong manufactory workers were 43.3%, 37.7% and 23.5% respectively. Among the three types of work, the prevalence of repairman was the highest and machine tool operator was the lowest, being significant difference (PO.05). It is also showed that three kinds of prevalence rise along with the increase of work age, PO.05 on ever prevalence and annual prevalence and ,P>0.05 on weekly prevalence. In addition, there was no differences on these prevalence between gender (P>0.05).The injury of LBP was serious among manufactory workers. There were 143 workers who suffered LBP, and 68 workers suffered more than 30 days, accounting for 47.6%. Furthermore, there were 102 workers decreased activity time as a result of LBP, and 30 workers (29.4%) decreased activity more than 30 days.The relationship between prevalence and stature showed a U-shaped phenomenon. Prevalence of median stature group (1.60m~) was lower than the other two groups (<1.60m and 1.70m~), but there was no significant difference among these groups (P>0.05).The prevalence of group those who had back injured history were higher than the no-history group (PO.05), and the OR was 7.44.Work related factors include work posture, workload and individual factor. Unconditional Logistic Regression showed that OR of stoop in workday, frequency of heavy physical work, maximum weight of object uplifted, during time of object uplifted, maximum weight of object pushed-or-pulled, and during time of object pushed-or-pulled were 2.17, 1.64, 1.74, 2.11, 1.80, and 1.53 respectively. While there were no differences on rotating body, vibrancy, timeout and exercise (P>0.05), whose OR were 1.13, 1.01, 1.12 and 0.65 respectively.As a conclusion, the prevalence of LBP is high among manufactoryworkers and the damage of LBP is very severe. It is found that back injured history, stoop in workday, heavy physical work, uplifting heavy object, and pushing or pulling heavy object were risk factors of LBP. So it is necessary to enhance the prevention and treatment of LBP among manufactory workers, to protect them from suffering LBP or aggravating symptom, and to develop work ability and life quality. The prevention and treatment of LBP can be conducted as the following: decreasing workload and avoiding to push or pull heavy object over the individual ability top, correcting work posture and lessening time of body stoop or rotating, treating acute injury or trauma in time and preventing it from aggravating, and paying more attention to personal protection, such as using personal protection device.更多还原