【作者】 高伟娜；

【导师】 王贵学；

【作者基本信息】 重庆大学 ， 生物医学工程， 2005， 硕士

【摘要】 高压静电场(High Voltage Electrostatic Field,HVEF)是一种人工综合效应场。现已证明其能量可以被植物吸收利用,对种子和植株生长发育起到良好的促进作用。种子在贮藏过程中其活力下降即老化是一个必然的过程,把高压静电场的场效应用在提高或恢复老化种子活力方面是非常有意义的。本项研究以老化水稻种子为材料,分析了高压静电场对种子活力的影响,从生理指标、可溶性蛋白质、同工酶以及根尖细胞分裂等方面分析了高压静电场影响种子活力的机理。1、高压静电场参数的筛选本部分以种子活力指标为依据,对老化水稻种子处理前后种子的吸水状态、电场强度和处理时间等电场参数进行了试验筛选。结果表明:高压静电场对干的水稻种子活力影响甚微;只有当老化水稻种子在处理前30℃浸种24h(含水量约为40%),经正均匀高压静电场处理后,可以显著提高老化II 优725 水稻种子的活力。仅以种子发芽指标为筛选依据,适宜的静电场处理强度为250-450kV/cm,处理时间为30-55min。2、高压静电场对老化水稻种子生理指标的影响(1)老化水稻种子经高压静电场处理后,在发芽前期处理组幼苗根系活力比对照组显著提高24.72%-48.23%、叶绿素含量比对照组提高3.46%-28.3%、种子浸出液电导率比对照组明显减小;高压静电场处理提高了淀粉酶活性,发芽第4天淀粉酶活性的提高主要表现为β-淀粉酶活性的提高,发芽第5 天α-淀粉酶活性提高幅度增加;高压静电场处理后,发芽前期处理组幼苗的CAT 活性比对照组降低7.78%-22.89%,而POD 活性比对照组提高0.28%-9.84%、SOD 活性比对照组提高9.87-22.52%,幼苗MDA 含量比对照组增加。(2)老化水稻种子经高压静电场处理后,在发芽后期处理组叶绿素含量比对照组提高11.68%-36.58%;幼苗CAT 活性比对照组显著增强6.75%-26.25%、POD活性比对照组提高5.81%-30.23%,幼苗SOD活性与对照组无显著差异,幼苗MDA含量比对照组显著下降。高压静电场处理55min 在种子发芽前期幼苗总淀粉酶活性、种子浸出液电导率、SOD 活性以及发芽后期的叶绿素含量、丙二醛含量与处理30min 后的这些指标都有显著差异(P<0.05)。3、高压静电场对老化水稻种子蛋白质和同工酶的影响(1)高压静电场处理提高了种子发芽前期幼苗中的可溶性蛋白质含量,尤其是根内可溶性蛋白质增加显著,为种子发芽特别是根的生长提供充足的营养。更多还原

【Abstract】 High voltage electrostatic field (HVEF) is a kind of man-made effective field. Now, it has been certified that its energy can be absorbed by plants and promote the growth of seeds and crops. Seed vigor will inevitablely decline during the store.So it is significative to promote the seed vigor of aged seeds with HVEF. Aged rice seeds were chosen as the materials to study the effects of HVEF and its mechanisms. The study included seed vigor, physiological indexes, soluble protein, isoenzymes and cell division of root tip. The study covered four parts as follows: 1. Selection of parameters of HVEF The parameters of HVEF in this study included moisture content of seeds before and after HVEF treatment, electrical field strength and treatment duration.The results showed that the effect of HVEF on the dry seeds was inapparent. But the effect on wet seeds was highly significant.The aged rice seeds were soaked for 24 hours at 30℃(the moisture content was 40%) before the treatment, then the wet seeds were treated with HVEF and soaked for 24 hours at 30℃again and germinated. According to germination, suitable electrical field strength was 250-450kV/m and treatment duration was 30-55min. 2. The effect of HVEF on the physiological indexes of aged rice seeds (1) During the forepart of germination term (from the first day to the fifth day of germination), the root vigor of treated groups was 24.72%-48.23% higher than that of the control group, and the content of chlorophyl of treated groups was 3.46%-28.3% higher than that of the control group. The treated groups’conductivity of seeds leakage was significantly lower than the control group’s. Appropriate HVEF could enhance the amylase activity. The increase of total amylase activity at the fourth day of germination was mainly due to the enhancement of β-amylase activity. At the fifth day of germinationα-amylase activity mainly enhanced. The CAT activity of seedling at the forepart of germination term was 7.78%-22.89% lower than control after treated with HVEF. However, HVEF treatment enhanced not only the POD and SOD activity but also the content of MDA. (2) During the evening of germination term (from the sixth day to the tenth day), the chloropyl content of treated groups was 11.68%-36.58%, which was higher than that of control. The treated groups’CAT and POD activity were higher than control too. The content of MDA decreased significantly after treated with HVEF. However the SOD activity of treated groups was inapparent with that of the control group. After the seeds were treated for 55 minutes by HVEF, the indexes were significantly discrepant with those treated for 30minutes. These indexes included total amylase activity, conductivity of seeds leakage, SOD activity at the forepart of germination term, and the content of chloropyl and MDA at the evening of germination term. 3. The effect of HVEF on soluble protein and isoenzyme of aged rice seeds (1) Suitable HVEF could increase the content of soluble protein of seedling at the forepart of germination term. Especially the soluble protein of roots increased evidently. (2)During the forepart of germination term, the number of piece and colour of electrophoresis map about treated groups’soluble protein of seedling and root was more enhancive than that of control. However, the pieces of soluble protein in leaves of the treated groups were inapparent to that of the control group. (3) After the treatment of HVEF, the electrophoresis map of amylase isoenzyme, peroxidase isoenzyme, superoxida dismutase isoenzyme and catalase isoenzyme in the forepart of germination term were inapparent compared with that of the control group. In the evening of germination term the catalase isoenzyme of the No.7, 8,10 of treated groups was one piece much than that of the control group. HVEF influenced the expression of catalase isoenzyme. 4. The effect of HVEF on the cell devision of aged rice seeds’root tip The mitotic index of root tip cell treated with HVEF was significantly 77%-169.4% more than control. It is mainly due to the increase of prophase. There was not the aberration of chromosome after the treatment of HVEF.更多还原