【作者】 蔡泉；

【导师】 李卓夫；

【作者基本信息】 东北农业大学 ， 作物遗传育种， 2005， 硕士

【摘要】 试验采用裂区试验设计,主处理为密度,副处理为10个春小麦品种(系),在开花后,通过对农艺性状以及穗部、茎杆、全株的干物重变化的测定,研究高产类型品种(系)不同生育时期物质积累的动态特征。收获时考种,考察农艺性状并测产,同时对蛋白质含量、沉降值、湿面筋含量、干面筋含量、降落值等品质指标进行分析,结果如下: 根据产量表现将参试的10个品种(系)分为高产、中产、低产3种类型,并且根据品质的表现把其分为高、中、低筋3种品质类型,其中东01—4489在4个密度下产量均为参试品种(系)之首,其在4个密度下的平均亩产超过了500kg,在密度为600万株/公顷时亩产达到了572.75kg,其产量表现符合黑龙江省春小麦高产要求,同时其品质指标表现在参试的品种(系)中也属于高筋类型,其在4个密度下的平均品质表现分别为:蛋白质含量18.44%、沉降值47.47ml、湿面筋含量44.03%、干面筋含量16.77%、降落值314.33s。 通过对高、中、低产类型的品种(系)间农艺性状特点的比较,可以认为在黑龙江省限制产量的主要因素是穗粒数。在通过调整种植密度,保证收获穗数的条件下,单株的穗粒数的差异是造成产量差异的主要原因。高产类型东01—4489在本试验所设置的4个密度下的穗粒数均在35粒/穗以上,同时千粒重也达到35g/1000粒,因此其产量表现明显优于其它参试品种(系),所以在黑龙江省的高产春小麦类型的基本特征之一是在多种密度下其穗粒数应至少在35粒/穗以上,同时千粒重也应大于35g/1000粒。因为穗粒数及千粒重受密度条件影响极大,因此在育种过程中除了对优良亲本的选择外,在世代的选择过程中应当在不同的密度条件下进行,使对密度反应不同的基因型能够真实表达。 通过对高产类型东01—4489的不同时期物质积累动态特征的研究,认为在黑龙江省高产类型的春小麦品种(系)应当具备以下特征:具有较高的花前生物量,其花前全株干物重应当在3g以上;花后穗部干物质积累速率迅速上升,籽粒灌浆期持续时间长,应当在25～30d左右,同时高速灌浆期的速率较高;在生育后期,茎杆的部分干物质可以继续向穗部转移,进一步提高产量;同时根据黑龙江省自然条件的特点要求籽粒成熟期较短,即后期快熟,一般应当在5d左右,这保证了其在生育后期避开高温多雨的不利自然条件,保证安全成熟。同时高产类型的品种(系)在收获时生物产量应当不低于5g。更多还原

【Abstract】 In order to study the accumulative characters of spring wheat types with different level of yield and quality in different times during the development. The experiment determining the agricultural traits and materials weight dynamic of spike, stem and plant after flowering by the split-plot design with 4 densities as the main treatment and 10 spring wheat cultivars(or lines) as secondary treantment. Some agronomic traits, quality, yield and yield components of the cultivars(or lines) were observed. The result were summarized as follows:The 10 cultivars(lines ) were devided into 3 groups in terms of high, middle and low yield types respectively by their levels of yield and 3 groups in terms of high, middle and low gluten types by their levels of quality, of which the yield of the line DONG 01-4489 was the best of cultivars (or lines) under 4 densities and its average yield per 667m2 was above 500kg and its highest yield was 572.75kg per 667m2 under 6 million seedings per hectare. The yield of Dong 01-4489 reached to the high yield of wheat in Hei Long Jiang province. At the same time the quality of DONG 01-4489 was belonged to the high gluten type. The average quality level of DONG 01-4489 under four density was 18.44% in protein, 47.47ml in SDS-sedimentation, 44.03% in wet gluten, 16.77% in dry gluten, 314.33s in falling number.By comparison with agricultural traits of the high, middle, low yield types, the kernel number of ear was found to be the restricting factor of high yield of whaet in Hei Long Jiang province. The main reason which caused the differences in yield was the kernels of ear when the number of ear was controlled by adjusting the seeding density. High yield type of DONG 01-4489 had above 35 kernels/ear and 35g/1000 kernels under the four densities of the experiment. So the yield of the line was the highest of 10 cultivars (or lines). One of the main character of high-yield spring whea in HeiLongJiang province should be at least of 35 kernels/ear and 35g/1000 kernels under the different densities. Because of the great influence on the kernels of ear and thousand kernels weight by planting density, so the elite individuals in the segregating generations should be selected under different densities based on the choice of eminent crossing parents during breeding of wheat, under which the genotypes of different responses to densities could be really expressed.By the research of the accumulation of dry matter of the high-yield DONG 01-4489 in different development periods, the high-yield type of spring wheat in Heilongjiang province shouldbe of the characters as follows: higher biomass before flowering, above 3g in the dry weight of a single stem and ear; a quicker accumulative rate of ear after flowering, a longer duration of kernel filling of about 25—30d, a higher rate of kernal filling; contiuece drifting of dry matter in stem to ear before ripeness to increase yield further; A shorter period of late dough should be demonded in about 5d according to the natural condition of Heilongjiang province. It was able to ensure escaping the more rain and high temperatue in latter growing period of wheat and maturing safely; The biomass of high-yield cultivars or lines during harvest should be 5g or more in a single stem and ear.更多还原