【作者】 孟浩；

【导师】 李亚荣；

【作者基本信息】 大连交通大学 ， 车辆工程， 2005， 硕士

【摘要】 承载鞍安装在货车的滚动轴承和转向架侧架导框之间,起着轴承与侧架的连接、定位和传递各种载荷的作用。承载鞍左右导框横向挡、左右导框纵向挡、前后轴承挡肩以及承载鞍顶面等部位的磨耗对车辆的动力学性能都有较大的影响。为保证行车安全,就要按照检修规程对承载鞍及时进行检修。为满足铁路货车承载鞍检修现场的要求,本文研究和开发了一套先进的承载鞍磨耗检测系统。该检测系统以基于涡流传感器的数据采集系统为基础,以工控机和测试板卡为核心,并在此基础上构建软硬件测试平台,实现工控机控制的铁路货车承载鞍磨耗的自动检测。 本文在对原有检测装置和测量方法进行仔细研究的基础上,设计出了承载鞍磨耗智能测控系统。在模块化硬件的基础上,通过软件定义测控系统的功能,有效利用广泛的计算机资源,增强系统灵活可靠性。系统采用自行设计的多路电涡流传感器,利用工业控制计算机及数据采集卡,实现对被测对象多个测量点磨耗量的同时测量,大大降低了工人的劳动强度,提高了检修效率。 系统设计出了一套涡流传感器的快速准确的标定系统,对多路传感器逐一进行标定。该标定系统以工控机及数据采集卡为核心,采用光电编码器的输出脉冲作为标准量,其具有很高的精度及分辨率。应用工控机控制巡检系统,采用双通道直接读取的方式,对A/D采集板及脉冲计数板的输出数值直接读取,精度高,速度快。通过数据处理程序对光电编码器的输出脉冲量进行数字滤波,再将脉冲量转换成实际的磨耗量,实现承载鞍实际磨耗量与电涡流传感器的输出电压量的准确量化对应,为承载鞍磨耗的自动检测提供可靠标准。 系统利用先进的测控技术,结合强大的计算机资源,研究出了铁路货车承载鞍磨耗量测量的新方法,提高了承载鞍检修的自动化程度。更多还原

【Abstract】 Carrying-saddles, which are installed between wagons’ rolling bearings and bogie side-racks, play important roles on connecting bearings with side-racks, orienting and transferring loads. The abrasions of each part of carrying-saddles exerted huge impacts on wagons’ dynamics performance. It is necessary to examine and repair carrying-saddles in good season abiding by the examine-and-repair regulations in order to guarantee the running securities of rolling stocks. In this paper, an advanced measuring system for the abrasions of carrying-saddles was developed to meet the needs of the measuring scenes. The system, whose core is the industrial computer and test & control board, and groundwork is the data acquisition system based on eddy-current sensors, realized automatic testing for carrying-saddles abrasions controlled by the industrial computer.After the careful investigation on the former measuring equipments and methods, this paper designed an intelligent measuring & control system for carrying-saddles abrasions. The functions of the system were defined by the software on the basis of modularization hardware, which made the system access to comprehensive scope of computer resource, and enhanced the flexibility of the system. The system can measure multi-point abrasions of the measured objects simultaneously with multi-channel eddy-current sensors, the industrial computer and test & control board, to reduce the labor intensity of the workers and enhance the efficiency. Finally the automatic measuring for carrying-saddles abrasions was achieved.A high-speed calibration system was also designed, which can rapidly calibrate multi-channel sensors one by one. The core of the calibration system is the industrial computer and test & control board, and its standard quantities are the output impulses of the photoelectric coder. Employing the itinerant measuring & control system by the industrial computer, and adopting the fashion ofdouble-channel direct read, outputs of the A/D Acquisition Board and Pulse Counting Board were read directly with high-precision and high-speed. With the data-processing program, digital filtering was access to the output impulses of the coder, and then the impulses were converted into the real abrasions to realize the precise quantification correspondence of the sensors’ output voltages and carrying-saddles’ abrasions. Thus a reliable standard was given to the automatic measuring for carrying-saddles’ abrasions.The whole system combined the advanced measuring & control technology with powerful computer resources, worked out a new method for measuring the abrasions of wagons’ carrying-saddles, and enhanced the automation level of carrying-saddles’ examine-and-repair.更多还原