【作者】 韦柳枝；

【导师】 高天翔；

【作者基本信息】 中国海洋大学 ， 渔业资源， 2005， 硕士

【摘要】 金乌贼（Sepia esculenta Hoyle,1885）属软体动物门（Mollusca）、头足纲（Cephalopoda）、鞘亚纲（Coleoidea）、乌贼目（Sepioidea）、乌贼科（Sepiidae）、乌贼属（Sepia）,广泛分布于俄罗斯远东海,日本的本州、四国、九州,朝鲜西海岸、南海岸以及我国渤海、黄海、东海、南海和菲律宾群岛海域。金乌贼是我国沿海重要的经济头足类之一,是一种具有较高经济价值的优良野生品种,但八十年代后,随着渔业生产和现代化的不断发展,金乌贼的产卵场及增殖保护区的环境与生产秩序受到威胁,其再生能力难以承受与日俱增的捕捞强度,加之台风等自然灾害对受精卵的巨大影响,金乌贼资源已明显衰退。为了更合理的保护和利用金乌贼资源,促进其渔业的可持续发展,本文以日照岚山头近海的金乌贼为研究对象,对其进行了有关渔业生物学和遗传学方面的研究,这对今后金乌贼增养殖业的开展也有着重要而深远的意义。 本文首先通过形态学观察、常规生物学测定等方法,对日照近海金乌贼的外部形态、腕吸盘角质环、内壳、角质颚等特征进行了描述,统计分析了胴长与体重组成、生长参数相关关系等生物学特性,并结合相关资料,对其生活史进行了描绘。研究结果表明:金乌贼逐月生长迅速,不同个体间生长的差异很大,进入繁殖后期体重与胴长明显减小。金乌贼体重和胴长、体重和壳重、头宽和胴长的关系呈幂函数关系;全长和胴长、触腕长和胴长呈对数关系;胴宽和胴长、壳长和壳宽、鳍长和胴长、腕长和胴长呈线性关系。体重和胴长、胴长和胴宽、壳长和壳宽、头宽和胴长的回归关系随着生长阶段和性别的不同而变化。金乌贼胴长（ML）与体重（TW）之间的关系为:TW_幼体=7.0×10^-4ML^2.7207,TW_♀9=5.0×10^-4ML^2.7998,TW_?=110×10^-4ML^2.6164,表明在胴长相同时,雌性个体明显比雄性个体重。金乌贼为一年生种类,5～6月为其繁殖季节,成体交配、产卵后死亡,6月下旬,幼体开始出现,生长迅速,秋季平均体重可达117.1g,到翌年3月份平均体重达413.4g,5月份达最大值,5～6月份进行交配、产卵。本文还对金乌贼的腕式及其在分类学中的应用进行了详尽的探讨。研究结果表明:金乌贼的腕式具更多还原

【Abstract】 The golden cuttlefish, Sepia esculenta Hoyle, 1885 (Cephalopoda: Sepioidea) is widely distributed in the Russian Far East Sea, coast of China, Japan, Korea and Philippines. It is not only one of the most important species of coastal fisheries resource in China, but also a good wild species with high commercial value. After the 1980’s, due to the development of fishery and modernization, the environment of the spawning site and conservation areas for S. esculenta were threaten. The resource declined sharply in recent years because of over-fishing and natural disaster, such as typhoon that impact the eggs badly. For the purpose of protecting and making rational use of this resource, and accelerating sustainable development of the fishery, the biology and heredity of the S. esculenta population of Lan Shan Tou, Rizhao, Shandong Province, China, were investigated in this paper. In a sense, it is also important and has far extensive significance for maintenance and reproduction of the S. esculenta.The morphologic characters of configuration, cuticular ring, cuttlebone, mandible, etc. of S. esculenta were observed and described. The frequency of mantle length and body weight in different months and the growth of S. esculenta were studied through conventional measurement and statistic analysis. The relationships between some biological parameters were analyzed and the life history of S. esculenta was described. There were some differences in the results of morphology between the present study and previous reports.S. esculenta grew rapidly and the body weight and mantle length were decreased significantly in post-reproduction period. Size difference among individuals was probably caused by the difference of the time of hatching out. The relationships between body weight and mantle length, body weight and cuttlebone weight, headwidth and mantle length can be expressed with power models. The logarithm equations can describe the relationships between total length and mantle length, tentacle length and mantle length. The relationships between mantle width and mantle length, cuttlebone length and cuttlebone width, fin length and mantle length, arm length and mantle length were derived by linear regression. The relationships between body weight and mantle length, mantle length and mantle width, cuttlebone length and cuttlebone width, head width and mantle length were significantly between males and females. The relationship between body weight (TW, g) and mantle length (ML, mm) was expressed by separate regression curves as follows, TW premature =7.0 ×10-4 ML2.7207, TW=5.0×10-4ML2.7998, TW =11.0×10-4ML2.6164. The result showed that females are heavier than males of the same mantle length.The life span of S. esculenta is one year. In May and June, adults spawn and then die out. From the end of June, juveniles appear and grow fast. The average weight is 117.1 g in November and 413.4 g in March, and the weight reach maximum in May. They mate and spawn in May and June.The arm formula of S. esculenta was analyzed and its application in taxonomy was discussed. The results showed that there were many types of arm formula in S. esculenta. Duncan multiple comparisons indicated that the arm formula of them were difference in different individuals, size, left and right and sex. The Sepiella maindroni, Loligo japonica and Octopus ocellatus have the similar conditions. When all the arm formulas are same in all samples, including the left and right side of male and female, the arm formula could be the actual for the species. When arm formula of cephalopods is mentioned, there should be some propositions such as sex, left and right, size, and so on. So it is not feasible to adopt arm formula as a morphological parameter for taxonomy. It is suggested that the arm formula should be used with carefulness in the taxonomy of cephalopods.Horizontal starch gel electrophoresis was used to investigate the tissue-specificity and genetic structure of S. esculenta. A preliminary screening for 19 isozymes in six kinds of tissues (eye, branchia, mantle muscle, buccal bulb muscle, branchial heart, liver) was carried out using TC-7.0 buffer system. The results showedthe isozymes expression was highly tissue-specificity in S. esculenta. Twelve enzymes (PGDH, MPI, GPI, ME, SOD. IDHP, DIA, PGM, G3PDH, MDH, AAT and LDH) showed various degrees of activity in the six different kinds of tissues, while the others (HK, LAP, ADH, G6PD, SDH, EST and ALP) showed no reaction. Of all the tissues, buccal bulb muscle was the most suitable, most stable, and clearest for isozymes expression while liver was the worst. Eye and mantle muscle were next to buccal bulb muscle. Branchial heart was especially well suited for the reaction of Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and superoxide dismutase (SOD). At the same time, malic enzyme (ME) was stained only in the eye tissue, and phosphogluconate dehydrogenate (PGDH) was stained in the eye and buccal bulb muscle tissues. Twelve isozymes (PGDH, GPI, MPI, IDHP, SOD, ME, AAT, DIA, MDH, LDH, G3PDH and PGM) and three kinds of tissues (eye, buccal bulb muscle and branchial heart) were selected for genetic analysis of S. esculenta population of Rizhao coast. Among the eighteen putative enzyme-coding loci examined, three loci were polymorphic, i.e., LDH-2*, G3PDH-1* and PGM*. The proportion of polymorphic loci was 0.1667 (P0.99) and 0.0556 (P0.95). The average values of observed and expected heterozygosity were 0.0159 and 0.0143, respectively. The average effective number of alleles was 1.0201. Analysis of S. esculenta in the present study revealed low levels of genetic variability.更多还原