机动车致人损害赔偿责任研究

【作者】 吕军尚；

【导师】 赵可星；

【作者基本信息】 郑州大学 ， 法律， 2005， 硕士

【摘要】 自1886年德国人研制出第一台汽油内燃机车以来,机动车进入人类生活已有一百多年的历史。可以说,机动车的创造、发明、利用给人类带来极大方便的同时,又带来大量的交通事故。为公正、公平解决机动车给社会带来的损害,抑止交通危害的发生,交通事故损害赔偿成为理论界和实务界争议的热点。本文就机动车损害赔偿责任的界定、机动车损害赔偿责任的归责原则及若干场合下交通事故责任主体的认定作以论述。 第一部分:机动车致人损害赔偿责任一般问题的界定 机动车损害赔偿责任,顾名思议,是在机动车给他人造成了损害之后发生的责任。机动车是这一责任的本原部分,要研究机动车损害赔偿责任,本部分从机动车损害赔偿责任制度的界定,新中国的立法尝试及机动车损害赔偿责任的要件入手;全面分析了机动车损害赔偿责任与机动车驾驶人责任及机动车损害赔偿责任的要件等。 第二部分:机动车损害赔偿责任的归责原则 剖析有关我国侵权行为法原则体系的诸多观点。指出这些观点的异同之处,在此基础上,提出对待某一侵权行为,应当采用什么样的归责原则,我们不能简单化,不能以看表面的用语,而应看用语背后的归责方式。在对世界各国机动车交通事故损害赔偿归责原则作比较研究的基础上,分析了英美法系采取过错原则的原因。 针对我国民法学界有关机动车交通事故损害赔偿责任的分析,提出自己的见解和主张,大量事实证明,在机动车损害赔偿责任的归责原则上应这样处理:驾驶车辆肇事致人人身、财产损害的应当承担民事责任。如果能够证明损害是因受害人或不可抗力造成的,不承担民事责任;如果能够证明损害是因受害人过失、第三人过失或意外事件造成的,可以减轻侵害人的责任。 第三部分:机动车交通事故赔偿责任主体的认定 与已经作废了的《道路交通事故处理办法》不同,新的《道路交通安全法》并未规定赔偿义务人(笔者认为也不应由该法来规定赔偿义务人),对于机动车所有者或保有者的责任,我国法学理论界尚无深入而详细的研究,实务界对某些特殊场合下,机动车交通事故赔偿责任主体的认定也存在着不一致之处。本部分就盗窃驾驶、擅自为私用目的驾驶、租赁、借用、所有权分期付款买卖、名义贷与等场合作以分析,以对实务界起到指导作用。更多还原

【Abstract】 Mobile cars have entered the mankind life for more than 100 years since the first gasoline engine was invented by the German in 1886. The invention and use of mobile cars have caused a flood of traffic accidents when it brings people much convenience.Both theacademic circle and the practical circle pay much attention to the compensation of traffic accidents,in order to solve the damage case caused by mobile cars fairly and equally and reduce traffic damage.Beside the preface,the article includes four parts.The first part:the compensation liability of the damage caused by mobile cars.The first part :the compensation liability of the damage caused by cobile cars.The compensation liability of the damage caused by mobile cars just ad its name implies ,iis the responsibility happens after mobile cars do damage to other people .The liability origins from mobile cars.Beginning from the origin of mobile car damage compensation institution,legislation sample of new China and impartant comdition of the compensation liability of the damage caused by mobile cars ,the part analyses comprehensively the compensation liability of the damage caused by mobile cars .It also points out the attitude on the liability which should be taken in Chines law and suggests chines law should be perfected.The second part: the liability doctrine of mobile car traffic accident compensation .Having analysed various views on the liability doctrine system of our country tort law, the chapter points out the difference and likeness of this standpoints and further poses,we shouldn’t remark on aliability doctine’s meaning simplely and superficially only by its word meaning and we should emphasis the liability doctrine behind the word .on the base of contrast of different countries liability doctrine, the writer analyses the reasons that faultiness liability doctrine is adopted in Anglo-American law system.Having analysed the mobile car traffic accident compensation liability in Chinese civil law academic circle considering wide-spreaded practice,the writer brings about his own view:the driver damaging other people’s body or property should undertake the liability,except that he can prove the damage is caused by the victim himself or the resistless power;the liability can be reduced if he can prove that the damage is caused by victim’s faultiness,third party’s faultiness or unexpected accidents.The third part:how to identify the compensation liability subject of the damagecaused by mobile cas.In contrast with the old Road Traffic Accident Process Rule, the new Road Traffic Safety Law dosen’t stipaulate who is responsible for compensation liability .(the writer also thind this item shouldn’t be stipulated by this law )Chinese law academic circle hasn’t studied deeply and particular the owner or possessor’s liability and practical circle’s handling way are different on it .In this chapter analyses some problems,such as drive after theft,drive of public-owned cars driving cars bought by instalments ,etc.更多还原