【作者】 王静；

【导师】 唐亚；

【作者基本信息】 四川大学 ， 环境科学， 2005， 硕士

【摘要】 摘要:马先蒿属(Pedicularis Linn.)在植物分类学上隶属于玄参科(Scrophulariaceae),是被子植物中最大的属之一,在川渝地区高山和亚高山植物区系中占有重要地位。世界上已知的种类有约600种,主要分布在北半球,极少数超越赤道;多数种类生长在寒带及高山,适应于寒冷、湿润的气候。我国有马先蒿属357种,川渝地区有181种。马先蒿属植物具有药用和观赏价值,并以其物种的多样性、花冠形态的多样性、与其传粉昆虫的紧密协同进化关系成为传粉生态学的一个经典材料。研究川渝地区马先蒿属物种多样性分布格局及其与环境因子的关系对生物多样性保护、草地生态系统的演化过程和机理、马先蒿属作为园林观赏植物的引种等研究具有重要的现实意义。 川渝地区位于我国西南部,地形复杂多样、各地气候差异悬殊,环境极为多样复杂。特殊的生境条件和丰富多样的生态系统类型,奠定了四川省物种多样性的生境基础。川渝地区的马先蒿属区系在我国的马先蒿属区系组成中占有非常重要的地位。本文对川渝地区马先蒿属的区系分布和物种多样性水平分布和垂直分布格局进行了讨论分析。过去关于川渝地区马先蒿属物种多样性的调查做了较多的工作,但关于川渝地区马先蒿属物种多样性及其与环境因子之间的关系研究较少。因此,本文在GIS、生物地理统计学、SPSS统计软件的支持下,采用因子分析法、相关分析法和聚类分析法定量分析川渝地区148个县级单元格内主要环境因素与马先蒿属的多样性分布格局之间的关系,找出影响马先蒿属物种多样性分布格局最主要的几个因子,并讨论川渝地区马先蒿属物种多样性现代分布格局的成因。 研究得到如下结论: 1.马先蒿属物种多样性在川渝地区呈现西高东低的分布格局,位于横断山脉更多还原

【Abstract】 Pedicularis is the largest genus in Scrophulariaceae and also one of the largest genera of the angiosperms. It is an important element in subalpine and alpine flora of Sichuan and Chongqing. Worldwide around 600 species are recognized in Pedicularis, with majority distributed in arctic, alpine and subalpine areas in the Northern Hemisphere, adapted to cold, moist climate and alpine environment. Up to date 375 species are recognized in China, of which 181 species in Sichuan and Chongqing. Some species of Pedicularis have been used in Tibetan medicine and some have aesthetic potentials. Pedicularis is extremely diverse in corolla morphology and has attracted attention from scientists in many fields including pollination and co-evolution fields..Sichuan Province and Chongqing Municipality lie in southwestern China, with a highly diverse biophysical conditions. Rich environmental niches in the region provide base for specieation of Pedicularis. The distribution pattern of species diversity of Pedicularis, including both geographical and altitudinal distribution pattern, and its relationship with main environmental factors are dealt with in the present thesis. Though there are a lot of investigations about diversity of Pedicularis in Sichuan and Chongqing in the past, the relationship between geographical pattern of species diversity of Pedicularis and main environmental factors is hardly addressed. With use of GIS, biographic statistics and SPSS, spatial quantitative analysis, correlation analysis and cluster analysis, relationship between main environmental factors in 148 counties in Sichuan and Chongqing and geographicalspecies diversity pattern of Pedicularis is analysed in order to find out the principal factors which influence the present pattern of species diversity of Pedicularis. The main conclusions drawn are as follows:1. Higher species diversity of Pedicularis is found in western Sichuan than eastern Sichuan. Such counties as Kangding, Muli, Yajiang in Hengduan Mountain seem to be distribution and diversity center of the genus.2. Species richness of Bumbus, altitude and ^15*C accumulated temperature are the most important factors which influence species diversity of Pedicularis. Bumbus is essential for propagation of Pedicularis; ^15*C accumulated temperature has significant effect on species richness of Pedicularis and it has negative correlation with species richness of Pedicularis, which implies that Pedicularis might not grow normally in the environment with long warm duration, which is also supported by the flourishing of Pedicularis in cold environment in alpine and subalpine areas.3. The human activity and global warming will have important impact on the distribution pattern of Pedicularis.更多还原