构建我国的存款保险制度

【作者】 张鑫；

【导师】 杨整；

【作者基本信息】 四川大学 ， 金融学， 2005， 硕士

【摘要】 自1934年美国建立存款保险制度以来,西方大多数国家纷纷仿效,在金融体系中引入存款保险来防范和化解风险。现在存款保险制度已经在全世界范围内得到了普遍的推广。上世纪90年代以来,银行业发生了一系列重大的变化,突出表现在随着市场化、自由化程度的提高,金融创新的大量涌现,银行业的生存环境日趋激烈,其发展也面临着更大的风险,随之而来的是整个金融体系的风险加大和集中,对金融风险的防范与化解更成为整个金融界关注的焦点。建立并强化相应的金融安全网,通过相应的制度安排以稳定社会公众信心,维持银行业的稳定已经成为防范与化解金融风险中最重要的一环。存款保险制度作为金融安全网的三大组成部分之一,经过七十多年的实践表明,其在保障金融安全方面起到的作用不可忽视。然而,存款保险制度从建立伊始就处于一种两难的境地,它一方面在防止因挤兑而导致的银行体系的危机起到非常重要的作用,另一方面却因道德风险和逆向选择等问题而可能诱发银行更大的风险,甚至引发危机,违背了其建立的初衷。因此正确认识存款保险制度的作用与缺陷,并针对其缺陷设计恰当的制度安排,对已建立这一制度的国家和正在考虑建立这一制度的国家均有重大的借鉴意义。 我国由于长期处于计划经济体制下,国家承担了一切金融风险,也就无所谓金融安全网,更无所谓存款保险制度。但随着市场化的深入,金融风险开始暴露外化,我国先后爆发了中银信托投资公司、中国农村发展信托投资公司,海南发展银行等金融机构由于经营风险巨大而被行政关闭,以及其他一些城市和地区金融机构的信用危机和挤兑事件。这表明,我国历年积累的金融风险已经在一定程度开始释放出来了,而且随着问题机构的数量增加,金融风险将继更多还原

【Abstract】 Since America built Deposit Insurance System in 1934, a mass of countries followed it to make use of deposit insurance system to avoid and solve risks .Now Deposit Insurance System became more and more popular all over the world. After the 1990s, a series of changes took place in bank system. With the increasing the extent of market economy and freedom, a large quantity of innovations appeared which made the competitions between banks more crucial and their development more difficult. Thus the risks of the whole finance system enlarge and pooled and people gave more attention on avoiding and resolve the financial risks. So how to build counterpart Finance Security Network is the key to stabilization the public’s confidence and bank system. Deposit Insurance System, a main part of Finance Security Network, had been running for over 70 years which indicated that its function of guarantee the finance security can’t be neglected . Though form the beginning of its build has a dilemma in that in one side it can decrease the cost of bank system’s crisis, but on other side it may result in greater risk which went against it original intention. So rightly cognition the function and disadvantage of Deposit Insurance System and rightly devise it can make a sample for other countries.In our country’s long-term planned-system, nation had burdened all finance risk so if was no meaning to built Finance Security Network and Deposit Insurance System. But with the deepening of marker economy, finance risks exposed. And some bank and financial institution occurred some risk which indicate the hidden risk released and can become worse in the future. So validly handling the financial institution with problems, avoiding system finance crisis, spreading valid mechanism to drop out and sustaining the stabilization finance field.This essay can divide into five parts. First author introduce the conception of Deposit Insurance System .Second author presents the international development andinternational compare. Third author analyzes the necessarity and capability of construction Deposit Insurance System in our country. Last author focuses on the shortcoming of Deposit Insurance System to advance some counter-means.更多还原