【作者】 王金玉；

【导师】 陈廷湘；

【作者基本信息】 四川大学 ， 中国近现代史， 2005， 硕士

【摘要】 今年是孙中山先生逝世80周年,孙中山是中国走向现代化道路上的伟大旗手。他不仅是伟大的资产阶级革命家,而且经历丰富,学贯中西;他不仅提出了“三民主义”的资产阶级革命纲领,为中国摆脱封建统治,走向现代化之路指出了较为完善的解决方案,而且在经济学领域也有颇多建树;1840年之后至20世纪上半叶的中国,各种思想和思潮风起云涌,令人目不暇接,在这个时代,许多思想家均是“各领风骚三五年”,不少人都从革命者沦落为落后甚至反动者,只有孙中山先生善于“解放思想”,甚至不惜否定自我,始终站在历史的潮头,永葆革命的先进性;他生命不息,奋斗不止,“革命尚未成功,同志尚需努力。”为中华民族的振兴而百折不挠的奋斗精神,都值得后人学习。 孙中山的思想博大精深,本文试图从他的经济思想出发,“掬其沧海之一粟”作为研究的主要内容。第一部分介绍了研究孙中山经济思想的目的与意义,目前孙中山研究、概况、存在的主要问题、研究的目的和意义。第二部分介绍了孙中山经济思想的主要来源:论述了中国传统文化,特别是“民本思想”和“大同”理想对孙中山的影响;所处广东这个有经商传统的地理环境和农村家庭出身对孙中山经济思想形成的影响;近代涌现的经济学家他们重商的观点对孙中山的影响;西方经济思想,特别是亨利·乔治和德国政治家俾斯麦的影响以及孙中山的革命实践和共产主义对他的影响。第三部分是本文的重点,主要考证了孙中山的主要经济观点,并从经济学的角度去对其进行了分析。其中又分为六个小节,第一小节是他的人口、土地和农业观:人口观——变“人满为患”为庞大的人力资源,以及他对马尔萨斯人口论的看法、对那个时代的中国威胁论——“黄祸”的批驳,有许多想法是值得我们今天借鉴的;土地观——中国人二干多年来都非常关注却从来没有解决好的问题,孙中山从“平均地权”更多还原

【Abstract】 This year is the 80 anniversaries of Mr. Sun Yat-sen who is a great "flagman" in China’s heading for modernization road. He is a great revolutionist of capitalism, not only experienced but also learned both in the west and east; He not only put forward the outline of Doctrine of San-min: By the people, Of the people, For the people" of capitalism, but also pointed out the more perfect solution of modernization for getting away from the feudalism governance in China, and also achieved rather many achievements in the economics area. From 1840 to the first half of 20 centuries in China, various thoughts looking like rising winds and scudding clouds, made people too many things to see. At that age, many thinkers were " each get excellent only for 3 to 5 years". Quite a few persons are all from the revolutionaries to laggards even reactionaries, only have Mr. Sun Yat-sen been trying to liberalize thoughts, even negative ego, always standing in front of history to be advanced in the revolution. He struggled to death and said: "so long as the revolution doesn’t yet succeed, the comrade still needs the efforts." The spirit arduously for the Chinese nation deserves studying for the posterity.Sun Yat-sen’s thought is great and deep, the author tries to set his economy thought as the main content. The first part introduces the purpose and meaning of research in Sun Yat-sen’s economic thought, general study situation and the existent key problems in today’s research. The second part introduces the main sources of his economic thought: Chinese traditional culture, especially the thoughts "For people" and " Great Harmony "; the geographic and born environment that goes into business traditionally in Guangdong; the modern economists’ Mercantilism; thewestern economy thoughts, especially from Henry. George and German politician Bismarck,Otto Ftl Von; Sun’s revolution practices and communism .The third part is the important one, introducing Sun Yat-sen’s main economy theories from the angle of the economics. It is divided into six sections. The first section is about his viewson population, land and agriculture: Population- changing the people who areonce full to bring troubles to the huge human resources, he view about Malthusianism and criticize of " Yellow Peril" in those days, from which are worthyof drawing lessons for us today; Land*which the Chinese pay attention to butnever resolve more than 2 000 years from now. Sun Yat-sen’s thought turned from " average right for land" into "every cultivator must have his farmland", and he took nourishment and distinguished its merits and demerits from Henry George’sUnitary pricing theory in land taxation. Agriculture-there is something to learnin Sun Yat-sen’s physiocracy and modernization in agriculture; The second section: Sun Yat-sen’s viewpoint on capital, industry, the liberal attitude to foreign capital which is prospective and private capital — " abstaining capital" thought which has the socialist characters, which is in line with the policy—depending upon the public-owned system along with variety forms of ownership. He realized bank as the core role in modern economy and he compromised the reform of banking. The third section: Sun Yat-sen’s public finance, finance and the taxation thoughts, emphasizing on the understanding of modern public finance, depending on internal debts and foreign loans to develop economy, the influence of the contemporary public finance thought; his start point of financial reform is good but is unfeasible in economics. The fourth section discusses the convection theory of Sun Yat-sen, especially the transportation, business circulating; his understanding of railage and concrete programming of shipping industry .The fifth section discusses the viewpoints of Sun Yat-sen in the following aspects: communications and logistics, distribution, consumption, market economy, position and function of business and the restricts to the merchant capital. The sixth section emphasizes to discuss his theory on development economics and region economy development ,espically strategy target, strategy focal points, strategy ways and measures in China’seconomic developing, terraced and unbalanced development which are the laws in China’s economic developing, the programming design of regional economy, the policy of development, systematism in regional economic development, the countermeasures of narrowing the gap between rich and poor and from the economics standpoint the paper analyzes the possibility and value of his standpoints theoretically .The fourth part analyzes Sun Yat-sen’s characteristics of the economic thought curtly: foresight, imperfect, chimerical and materialistic.更多还原