【作者】 张丽红；

【导师】 朱跃；

【作者基本信息】 安徽大学 ， 外国语言学及应用语言学， 2005， 硕士

【摘要】 本文是关于英汉语原因状语从句的对比分析研究。在英语语法著作中,关于原因状语从句的界定有广义和狭义之分。如夸克等将表示原因的小句,不定式以及非谓语形式等都纳入这一范畴。在汉语语法著作中,通常将原因状语从句定义为表示因果关系的偏正复句,吕叔湘、王力、黎锦熙等学者对此都有相关的论述,其中以吕叔湘的划分较为全面和系统。本文通过调查发现,近来致力于汉英及英汉对比研究的学者多认为汉语是注重意合的语言,因此特别强调语义的作用大于语法形式的作用,而否认因果关联词在汉语中的广泛应用。本文则从《儒林外史》等著作中搜集相关语料并进行统计分析发现,汉语中因果关系复句大量存在,其中因果关联词的使用所占比例较高,在所选取的150个例句中,有120个句子带有因果关联词,其比率高达83.7%。由此可见,汉语句式表达同样也体现了比较严谨的逻辑关系。此外,本文还对因果关联词的位置进行了数据统计分析。LOB和London-Lund语料库的相关资料显示:英语中92%带关联词的分句位于主句之后,表现为“前果后因”,这种表达体现了英语习惯上将所强调的原因从句放在句末,作为对已知信息的解释。汉语中“前因后果”的句子则为主流,在上文提及到的150个句子中,93%都属于这一语序。原因放在首位,同样是汉语表达中的强调部位。所以,不论语序如何,英汉语中原因一般都是句子的信息焦点。 本文共分成五个部分:第一部分是文献综述,概括介绍了国内外有关学者对原因状语从句的研究,并对其中的观点作简要评述,并在此基础上提出了本文的写作目的;第二部分通过对所选取的语料进行统计并加以对比分析,指出尽管许多从事汉英对比研究的学者多认为汉语是意合的语言,关联词的使用较少,但就本文的分析结果而言,关联词在原因状语从句中的使用比较广泛。因此不能因为汉语有意合的特征而否认因果关联词的广泛使用。第三部分就英汉语因果分句的位置进行了分析,并将因果句的特殊形式作了对比。通过对例子的数据分析,笔者发现英语中前果后因的句式较多,而汉语中前因后果的句子占有较大的比例。第四部分首先引用了韩礼德从功能语法的角度对原因表达变体的分析,而后指出了英汉语在表达因果关系上的多样性和汉语表达相对的单一性,为前文的对比分更多还原

【Abstract】 This paper intends to make a contrastive study on adverbial clauses of reason in English and Chinese. Adverbial clause is classified in narrow or broad senses. For example, Quirk et al provides a broad categorization by taking the finite clause, nonfinite clause, and verbless clause into consideration. Similarly, in Chinese, celebrated linguists like Lu Shuxiang, Li Jinxi and Wang Li have made scientific analyses on this topic. Among them, Lu Shuxiang’s classification is the most comprehensive and systematic. Later, more scholars who have dedicated themselves to the contrastive study of English and Chinese have made some researches and analyses in this field. It seems that the majority of them agree that Chinese is a kind of paratactic language, so, the semantic relations are more important than grammatical devices. Therefore they agree that most of the Chinese sentences are combined without the conjunctions.However, by a contrastive analysis based on the 150 clauses of reason selected from The Scholars, this finds that almost 120 sentences of them are marked by conjunctions, and the percentage is 83.7%. Apart from that, this also discussed the order of the conjunctions of reason. By a careful analysis on the figures provided by LOB Corpus and London-Lund Corpus, and the 150 examples mentioned above, it is found that in English, 92% of the conjunctions are usually put at a final position, which is the focus of new information, and it provides an explanation to the main clause. In Chinese, almost 93% of the selected sentences are following the order of "reason and result", and reason is the focus of information. Therefore, no matter where reason is located in a sentence, it is always the information focus both in English and in Chinese.This paper is divided into five parts: the first part offers a survey on the study of English and Chinese adverbial clauses of reason respectively, and makes some comments on the classifications, thus showing the purpose of this paper; the second part presents the contrastive study from the angle of conjunctions of reason in English and Chinese, which is based on the contrastive analysis of the selected materials. It is discovered after the research that in Chinese there are also many conjunctions of reason and a high frequency of distribution in texts or discourses. The third part makes a study on the positions of the conjunctions. The fourth part tries to classify theways to express reason in English and Chinese in order to show that there are various ways to express the reason, and this might be a possible approach to explain the previous analysis and it also discusses the practical value of the contrastive study in English and Chinese. The fifth part is the conclusion to restate the thesis.更多还原