论我国职工持股制度及其完善

【作者】 胡捷；

【导师】 李坤刚；

【作者基本信息】 安徽大学 ， 法律， 2005， 硕士

【摘要】 职工持股制度指公司职工持有其所在公司的股份,并据此参与企业管理、监督并分享公司利润的一种产权制度。作为一种新型的产权制度安排,职工持股制度在激励员工、提升企业效率、缓解劳资矛盾、解决公司制固有的委托—代理冲突等方面都表现出制度的优越性,已经逐渐成为世界企业改革的一种趋势。从上世纪80年代初以来,我国就开始了职工持股的探索,但由于缺乏效力层次较高的统一法律规范,再加上职工持股复杂性和地域性特点,我国职工持股的实践出现了一些问题。本文立足于中国现状,着重分析了在我国推行职工持股制度存在的主要问题,在借鉴外国成功做法的基础上提出了完善我国公司职工持股法律制度的建议。本文包括:引言、正文、结语。正文分为四部分。 第一部分:简要分析了职工持股制度的法理基础及制度价值,探讨了我国推行职工持股制度的必要性。 第二部分:通过对职工持股制度的历史考察,总结了西方四国职工持股的具体实践,客观地评价了职工持股制度的规律性内容,归纳出各国的职工持股实践对完善我国职工持股制度的启示。 第三部分:简要回顾了我国职工持股制度的产生和发展的三个阶段,结合我国职工持股的实践,概括分析了我国内部职工股及职工持股会持股两种主要形式存在的问题。 第四部分:完善我国的职工持股制度,首先需要从观念入手,通过人力资本理念的引入,构建起职工持股制度的理论基石。而建立人力产权法律制度,不仅为职工持股制度奠定了法理论基础,也是我国法律体系完善的一个方向。 关于我国参与持股职工的范围以及职工持股制度的适用范围,本文通过具体分析提出公司作为一个市场经济下理性的法人,应当能够根据自身条件作出选择。 我国职工持股制度的法律规制应当吸收综合立法和单一立法、中央立法与地方立法的长处,根据法律的强制规定和公司自治的关系确定相关内容,坚持两个原则:第一从人力资本理念出发,充分发挥职工持股制度的激励、约束机制,第二保障职工合法权益。更多还原

【Abstract】 The system of the employee stock ownership (or be said Employee Stock Option Plan, ESOP) is a kind of system which means that part of the company’s shares is held by its employees, by which the employees take part in managing the enterprise, monitoring the enterprise and sharing the profit of the enterprise. As a new form of property, ESOP can encourage employee to work hard, to improve the productive efficiency, to relax the contradiction between the employee and employer、 to solve other inherent problems of company. Thus, it is becoming the trend of reform in the world. Since 80’s year last century, the ESOP of west countries was introduced into china, and developed gradually. But the ESOP in China had led to some confusion, because there is absence of high-level law to regulate it and diversifying patterns and strong regional feature of the ESOP. This article analyzes the defects and the main legal problems of ESOP in China, tries to draw on the legislation experiences of west countries, and puts forward the principle of China’s ESOP and the legislation suggestion in China. The main body of the article includes introduction, main body and epilogue. The main body includes four parts.In the first part, the author briefly analyzes ESOP’s base in jurisprudence and values, probes into the necessity of China’s ESOP,In the second part, the author summarizes the experiences and lessons of the west countries about the ESOP, reveals the deficiencies of ESOP in west countries, objectly appraises the ESOP system. At last, the author gains enlightenment to china’s ESOP from other countries’ practices.In the third part, the author briefly reviews three stages in the development of China’s ESOP. In China, different forms of holding shares arise two main patterns of the internal employee’s holding shares and the employee member’s committee’s holding shares. And then, the author analyzes the main problem of the two patterns encountered by China’s ESOP.In the forth part, the author had pondered the legal system of China’s ESOP. The way to improve China’s ESOP depends on the many aspects. First, China’s ESOP needs to introduce the notion of human capital. Human capital is the footstone of the ESOP. It is the key step that establishing human property right law system. Human property right law system is the law basis of the ESOP and the guide to china’s law system improvement.The company needs further option right to ensure the extension of employee andmust make a rational choice by itself.The law-making of ESOP in China needs joining the strong points of integrating law-making and single law-making, center law-making and region law-making. As a whole, the law-making of ESOP in China must stick to two principles, first, it must exert the inspiration and restriction functions of ESOP, and second, it must protect the right and benefit of the employee.Based on the notions mentioned above, the author tries to discuss the improving measures of China’s ESOP from four aspects, such as the source of shares held by employee, the management of the share held by employee, the ESOP and employee participation, the encouragement and support from government.i . Chinese government needs to modify corporation law to let the company obtain employee’s shares. The shares distributing principle is in mainly based on the company self-governing and unifying of duty、 right and benefit. The employees can buy the shares at the price of no lower than the market price. It needs to be permitted that employee can by the company’s shares by stages in a term.ii. Employee’s shares should be governed by the employee’s committee, and restricted to transit as usual. The nature of the employee’s committee is a nonprofit internal organization of the company and a self-managed organization free from the manager’s management.iii. The employee participation is related to ESOP. The percent of the employee’s shares should be no more than the first shareholder of the company. And the employee’s voting right should be guaranteed.iv . The government encouragement and support should include market supports favorable taxing and finance policy to some degree and the improving system of social guarantee and law relief.ESOP is not an isolated system and it needs the unity of two systems improvement of the ESOP and the external condition. It is the key to improve China’s ESOP that balancing the law regulating and company’s self-governing, uniting the law transfer of the ESOP and finding the features of China own. With the further improvement of China’s ESOP, the author thinks the ESOP will be an important system to company development in China.更多还原