【作者】 格日乐；

【导师】 乌兰图雅；

【作者基本信息】 内蒙古师范大学 ， 人文地理学， 2005， 硕士

【摘要】 区域土地资源安全研究是区域社会发展到一定阶段,区域土地资源系统的支撑能力不能满足其社会经济系统和生态环境系统实际发展需要时的产物。土地资源系统是否安全,将对人类(生物)活动的各个方面产生根基性影响。因此,土地资源及其安全研究已成为20 世纪90 年代以来学术界广泛关注的热点。额济纳绿洲位于我国西北干旱区内陆河(黑河)下游,是我国西北干旱区的第一道生态防线。但随着人类开发程度的加强,自20 世纪后半叶黑河的供水量逐年下降、地下水位降低、土地盐化加剧,致使绿洲植被严重退化,绿洲规模在不断缩小,各项主要生态功能也在不断减弱,整个绿洲已处于崩溃的边缘,额济纳绿洲环境退化已引起广泛关注,许多学者从水资源利用、环境演变、绿洲植被退化、综合治理对策等方面进行了研究,提出了恢复生态环境的各种措施。但对绿洲的生存及健康发展的问题即绿洲土地资源的安全研究仍然是空白。鉴于此,本文应用现代空间信息技术、系统工程法和统计分析方法,在充分考虑恢复与保护额济纳绿洲的基础上,以土地资源为切入点,从土地承载力的角度,分析额济纳绿洲土地资源的开发利用特征,探讨土地承载力,并试着确定土地资源安全度。主要研究内容有: ⑴借助遥感、GIS 现代空间信息技术,对额济纳旗2000 LandsatTM4、3、2 波段遥感影像进行目视解译,并根据其结果对该旗土地资源的开发利用现状及特征进行系统分析; ⑵分析土地资源系统及影响因素的基础上,确定其影响方式和方向,勾勒出土地承载力子系统及其构成因子。⑶应用系统动力学原理,分析土地承载力各子系统及其构成因子之间因果反馈关系的基础上,构造出土地承载力系统流图,并通过模型的调试运行,预测未来20 年内三个方案下不同消费水平(温饱型、小康型和富裕型)的土地承载能力;更多还原

【Abstract】 Regional land resource security study is the result when the society in arid district developing into certain stage, the support ability of the regional land resource system can not meet the actual need for the development of social economic system and ecological environment system. Whether the land resource system is safe, will produce fundamental influence on all respects of the activity of the mankind (or the living beings ). So, land resource and its security study have already become focus among the academia since 1990s. Ejina oasis, located in the central part of the arid Northwest China, serves as a first ecological defense of the entire region. as the enhancement of the development of mankind resulted in the degradation of oasis environment. So caused the extensive concern, a lot of scholars have proposed various kinds of resuming measures of the ecological environment by doing research from such respects as water resources utilization , development of environment, the degradation of oasis vegetation , comprehensive administration countermeasure ,etc. But the case study of the problems of existence to the oasis and sound development namely oasis land resource security study remains the blank. In view of this, this text: First, under the support of remote sensing and GIS modern space information technology, systematically analyze the current situation and characteristic of the development and utilization of land resource in Ejina banner. Second, on the basis of analyzing land resource system and its influencing factors, confirms its affecting way and direction and sketches subsystem of land carrying capacity and its constituent factors.Third, on the basis of analyzing the feedback relation of the subsystems of land carrying capacity and their constituent factors, land carrying capacity SD model of ejina oasis is set up by applying system dynamics model and through the debugging of the model, the land carrying capacity of different level of consumption (fairly well-off rich type and simply having adequate food and clothing ) under three schemes is predicted in the coming 20 years; Fourth, the degree of land resource security of erjina oasis is confirmed by combining land carrying capacity and Logistic model and analyze the " safe state " of land resource of erjina oasis on this basis. Finally , put forward some countermeasures to the land resource security of ejina oasis; Studies have shown: ⑴The remote sensing investigation result of land resource in 2000 in Ejina Banner showed that the most regional land types is for not utilizing land which formed the subject of the regional land resource. But there is a little distribution of potential land such as marsh and beach which can be developed. What’s more, under the influence of natural and social economic condition , land use of this area has obvious differences. Meanwhile, the degree of development and utilization of land resources is low, quality is poor. ⑵Through analyzing the land resource system and its influencing factors has found : the water resource is the main restriction factor on the safe operation of land resource system of ejina oasis; the benign cycle of the ecological environment is the prerequisite and foundation for safely existing and developing of ejina oasis land resource system. ⑶The operation result of the model has shown that every year at least 0.78 billion m3 water should be guaranteed to Ejina oasis. In the meanwhile, on the basis of guaranteeing water consumption of the ecology the quota of irrigating should be reduced, the canal usage factor be improved, the degradation of meadow be weakened and the grass yielding of the grain and all kinds of meadow be increased with higher material input and technological development level or the growth rate of population be controlled. What’s more, under the prerequisite of rational adjustment of the farming pattern and benign cycle of ecological environment, to realize the goal of “it make by water”and “last domestic animal with grass”is just the more ideal development model of the Ejina oasis in the future. ⑷Through appraising the safety degree of Ejina oasis land resource found that although adopt the more ideal mode it is difficult to keep rich type living standard within 20 years predicted and the land resource will be in the " dangerous operation state ". Therefore, remind people that self-sufficiency can not realize sustainable development of Ejina oasis. ⑸The key to the safe operation of land resource system lies in the development and improvement of land carrying capacity. For ejina oasis, the increase on land carrying capacity can not be limited to development speed and input in energy ,science and technology or the control over the growth rate of population, should consider external introduction or lighten population pressure to the land, too.更多还原