【作者】 秦宝福；

【导师】 吴文君；

【作者基本信息】 西北农林科技大学 ， 农药学， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 苦皮藤是我国较有开发潜力的杀虫植物之一。在玉米象等储粮害虫的防治上对剂型的要求只能是粉剂或熏蒸剂等。为此,苦皮藤素微粉剂研制及应用研究,对新型谷物保护剂的研制及苦皮藤素进一步的开发具有重要的意义。以苦皮藤根皮的甲醇和苯提取物为原料,利用先进的气流粉碎技术,完成了15% 苦皮藤根皮甲醇提取物微粉剂(微粉剂I)及6.7%苦皮藤根皮苯提取物微粉剂(微粉剂II)的配方研制和工艺流程设计,在国内初步研制出第一个植物杀虫剂微粉剂产品。本项研究设计出一种配方筛选的方法,根据苦皮藤素V 保持稳定的PH 值范围及该微粉剂中所需的低吸附性对填料进行筛选,再根据外观和粘附性调整助剂品种和用量, 优化了配方。苦皮藤素微粉剂的组成为:微粉剂1 的苦皮藤根皮甲醇提取物15%(苦皮藤素V 计为0.045%),助剂o.5%,填料84.5%;微粉剂2 的苦皮藤根皮苯提取物6.7%(苦皮藤素V 计为0.1%),助剂O。5%,填料92。8%,其中助剂为NNO,填料为高岭土。本研究首次制定了苦皮藤素微粉剂的质量标准。其技术指标为:微粉剂1 和微粉剂2 的苦皮藤素V 含量分别≥0.045%和≥O.1%(w/w);细度为100%通过325 目,平均粒径d50<5μm;pH 值范围为5~7:水分<O。15%;外观为无团块的土黄色流动粉末:反复冷冻后,制剂在室温下外观合格:54±2℃的条件下,贮存两周,有效成分苦皮藤素V 的分解率不大于8%;在不加石英砂条件下, 自山流动;对一般谷物种子的表面覆盖率大于85%。同时,根据该产品是谷物保护剂的特点,也首次提出了微粉剂粘附性试验的方法,使产品的药效能得到较好的保证。同时也初步确定了两种微粉剂的生产工艺,根据超微粉剂设备研制的最新动态,并为相应的设备进行了选型。这些都为产业化生产奠定了基础。研究了两种微粉剂.对小麦、玉米、大米中的玉米象成虫存活、对卵和幼虫的作用。结果表明:在小麦、玉米、大米中分别混入微粉剂1 和微粉剂2,当浓度达到1000mg kg-1 时能有效控制玉米象的危害,对第二代成虫繁殖抑制率超过90%。此外,还进行了两种微粉剂防治绿豆中绿豆象的试验。结果表明:在绿豆中混入微粉剂1 和微粉剂2,当浓度达到4000mg/kg 吋能有效防治绿豆象成虫,药后15d 的校正死亡率都达1 00.05%,120d 成虫繁殖抑制率分別为94.74%和91.80%,绿豆侵害率分别为6.1%和5.6%。更多还原

【Abstract】 The Chinese bittersweet {Celasutrus angulatus Max.) is a potential insecticidal plant. The extracts of the root bark have been formulated as emulsifier concentration (EC) and microemulsion (ME), comprising 0.2% and 0.15% celangulin V respectively. Being a competitive new product, the later has achieved the patent. To controll stored-grain insects, the formulation should be a dustable powder or vapour releasing product. However, the volitilization of celangulin is very poor,and celangulin could not be formulated as a vapour releasing product. Flo-dust of celangulin, a new formulation that controll stored-grain insects, has been developed. Raw materials which extracted by methanol and benzene from the root bark has been formulated to Flo-dust I and Flo-dust II. Flo-dust I comprises 0.045% celangulin V (about 15% methanol extract), 84.5% filler and 0.5% surfactant; Flo-dust II comprises 0.1% celangulin V (about 6.7% benzene extract), 92.8% filler and 0.5% surfactant, which the filler is Kaolinite, and surfactant is NNO. According to the related universal technique indexes of pesticide formulation and the characters of celangulin, the quality indexes of 0.045% and 0.1% celangulin (FD I and FD II) were established respectively. The technical indexes of 0.045 and 0.1% celangulin (FD I and FD II) were as follows: Particle size passed 325 item 100 percent, dso<5 u m; pH value is 5-7; Water content is less than 0.5%; Appearance is yellow-brown, flowable powder without particulate or colloidal material; The freeze-thaw test indicates that the frozen formulation could recover independently at the room temperature; After heat storage at the temperature of 54±2°C, the decomposition rate of celangulin V should be lower than 8%;The formulations could flow freely, without quartz added; The adherence test shows that surface coverage rate of grain seeds is more than 85%. The application test of celangulin flo-dust in controlling stored-grain insects has been finished primarily. The effects of two flo-dusts on adult’s surviving and breeding in wheat, corn and rice, and the function of them on eggs and larvas in controlling of Sitophilus zeamains Motschulsky have been observed. The results showed that two flo-dusts mixed in wheat, corn and rice could control Sitophilus zeamains Motschulsky effectively at the concentration 1 OOOmg/kg, the ratio of next generation breeding inhibition in different tests were over 90%. On the other hand, this paper studied the effects of two flo-dusts on adult’s surviving and breeding in mung bean, and the function of them on eggs and larvas in controlling of Callosobruchus chinensis L.. The results showed that two flo-dusts mixed in mung bean could control the worm of Callosobruchus chinensis L. effectively at the concentration 4000mg/kg. After treatment 15 days, both of ratios of adjusted mortality were 100%. After treatment 120 days, the ratio of breeding inhibition was differently 94.74% and 91.80%, the ratio of mung bean destroyed was differently 6.1% and 5.6%.更多还原