【作者】 王瑞庆；

【导师】 马书尚；

【作者基本信息】 西北农林科技大学 ， 植物学， 2005， 硕士

【摘要】 本论文以陕西省主栽苹果品种‘嘎拉’、‘秦冠’和‘富士’为试材,以Chris 的苹果标准淀粉染色图谱作参照,结合果实成熟度的常规指标,制作了三个苹果品种成熟期间淀粉染色图谱;以‘嘎拉’（‘Kid’s Orange’בDelicious’）苹果为试材,研究了0℃贮藏期间及贮藏30、60、90 和120d 后转入室温7d 货架期间300nL·L^-1 和600nL·L^-1浓度1-MCP（1-甲基环丙烯）对果实呼吸速率、乙烯释放速率、品质和蛋白质变化的影响,探讨了1-MCP 影响苹果衰老的生理生化机制,为其应用于苹果贮藏保鲜提供理论和实践依据。试验结果表明: （1）‘嘎拉’、‘秦冠’和‘富士’苹果成熟期间,果实硬度下降、可溶性固形物含量增加和可滴定酸含量减少均与采收日期呈显著线性相关,可作为判断苹果成熟度,确定苹果采收期的参考指标;淀粉指数变化显著,可作为判断果实成熟度,确定采收期的可靠指标。在本试验制作的淀粉染色图谱中,‘嘎拉’苹果在淀粉指数达到5,‘秦冠’苹果在淀粉指数达到7,‘富士’苹果在淀粉指数达到8 时,达到园艺学成熟度,为适宜的采收期。此图谱可以在‘嘎拉’、‘秦冠’、‘富士’苹果采收中推广应用。（2）300nL·L^-1 浓度1-MCP 处理显著抑制‘嘎拉’苹果贮藏期间和贮后货架期间呼吸和乙烯释放速率,延缓果实硬度、可滴定酸含量的下降,对可溶性固形物含量无影响。作用效果与600nL·L^-11-MCP 处理作用效果无显著差异。在‘嘎拉’苹果商业化贮藏中,建议施用300 nL·L^-1 浓度的1-MCP。（3）‘嘎拉’苹果贮藏过程中,对照果实出现5 条明显的特异蛋白质条带,分子量分别为47.7、38.7、25.7、18.9 和18.0kD。300nL·L^-1 和600nL·L^-1 的1-MCP 处理,均可完全抑制38.7kD 特异蛋白出现,并显著抑制25.7、18.9 和18.0kD 蛋白表达。1-MCP可能通过抑制乙烯生成,从而抑制果实内部与衰老相关蛋白（酶）和基因的表达,进而影响果实品质,延缓果实的后熟衰老。更多还原

【Abstract】 Based on the standard starch-iodine test guide made by Chris and general maturity indices, a new starch test guide for judging the maturity of ‘Gala’, ‘Qinguan’and ‘Fuji’apples main grown in Shaanxi province were developed; The effects of 300nL?L-1 and 600nL·L^-1 1-methylcyclopropene （1-MCP） on the respiration, ethylene production, fruit quality and protein patterns in ‘Gala’apple were studied during the storage at 0℃and within the subsequent 7-day shelf life at room temperature. The physiological and biochemical mechanism of ripening of apples treated with 1-MCP were also probed. The potential application of lower concentration of 1-MCP to apple storage was discussed. The main results acquired were as follows: （1） Firmness, total soluble solids and titratable acids in ‘Gala’, ‘Qinguan’and ‘Fuji’apples during maturing were linearly correlated with harvest date, which can be used as reference for determining the harvest date of these cultivars. The starch index of ‘Gala’, ‘Qinguan’and ‘Fuji’apples increased significantly during maturity, which can be used as the reliable index in determining the maturity and harvest date for these cultivars. Referring to the starch test guide developed in this experiment, ‘Gala’, ‘Qinguan’and ‘Fuji’apple should be harvested when the starch index reached 5, 7 and 8 respectively, when they reached the horticultural maturity. This guide can be extended in determining the maturity and the harvest date of these cultivars. （2） 300nL·L^-1 1-MCP significantly inhibited the respiration and ethylene （C₂H₄） production, slowed down the decrease in the flesh firmness and titratable acids of ‘Gala’apples during storage, but had no effect on the total soluble solids. No significant difference was found between 300nL·L^-1 and 600nL·L^-1 of 1-MCP in ‘Gala’apple. To reduce the cost of 1-MCP, 300nL·L^-1 1-MCP can be used in ‘Gala’apple commercial storage. （3） SDS-PAGE analysis indicated that five differential protein bands appeared during 120-day storage at 0 ℃in non-treated fruits, both 300nL·L^-1 and 600nL·L^-1 1-MCP treatment delayed or inhibited the appearance of those proteins.更多还原