【作者】 李清明；

【导师】 邹志荣； 蔡焕杰；

【作者基本信息】 西北农林科技大学 ， 蔬菜学， 2005， 硕士

【摘要】 本试验以保护地专用黄瓜品种津优1 号为试材,分秋茬和春茬分别对其苗期、初花期和结果期三个不同的生育时期进行了土壤灌溉水分上限指标的研究。通过不同土壤灌溉水分上限对温室黄瓜形态指标、生理指标、瓜条生长动态、瓜条品质、灌水量、产量和水分利用效率等影响的试验,研究结果如下: 1、苗期不论秋茬还是春茬,在处理M3 即90%田间持水量的土壤灌溉上限条件下,幼苗株高、光合面积较适宜,茎和主根较粗,根系较长,根冠比和壮苗指数较高,根系活力较强,叶片叶绿素含量较高,光合能力较强,蒸腾效率也相对较高。因此处理M3即90%田间持水量为苗期适宜的灌溉上限指标。2、初花期不论秋茬还是春茬,在处理H3 即90%田间持水量的土壤灌溉上限条件下,植株地上部分生长适宜,地上部生长与地下部生长协调,根冠比相对较高,根系发达,根系活力较强,叶片具有较适宜的细胞汁液浓度和叶水势,生长发育良好,植株代谢旺盛,叶片叶绿素含量高,净光合速率高,无效奢侈蒸腾少,单叶瞬时水分利用效率高,黄瓜节成性好,节雌率高,根瓜节位低,品质好,早熟,前期产量高,水分利用效率高。因此90%田间持水量为初花期适宜的灌溉上限指标。3、结果期不论秋茬还是春茬,在处理G3 即90%田间持水量的土壤灌溉上限条件下,植株生长健壮,营养生长与生殖生长协调,根系发达,平均根粗较粗,根系活力较强,叶片具有较适宜的细胞汁液浓度和叶水势,植株处于较适宜的水分状况,生长发育良好,叶片叶绿素含量高,净光合速率高,无效奢侈蒸腾少,单叶瞬时水分利用效率高,瓜条品质好,产量高,水分利用效率高。因此90%田间持水量为结果期适宜的灌溉上限指标。因此在温室黄瓜生产管理过程中,在土壤水分苗期保持在田间持水量的60-90%,初花期保持在田间持水量的60-90%,结果期保持在田间持水量的75-90%的土壤水分条件下,可以达到节水、高产、优质、高效的目的。更多还原

【Abstract】 Soil irrigation maximum indexes of cucumber (Jinyou No.1) were studied in greenhouse at the stage of seedling, initial bloom and fruit-bearing in autumn and spring. Effects of different soil irrigation maximum on morphological indexes, physiological characteristics, fruit growth dynamics, fruit quality, irrigation volume, yield and water use efficiency were studied. The results showed: 1) Seedling height and leaf area were optimal, stem diameter was thicker, root length was longer, main root diameter was thicker, root/top was higher, index of seedling growth was higher, root activity was stronger, chlorophyll content was higher, net photosynthesis rate and transpiration efficiency were higher at the stage of seedling under the treatment M3 which irrigation maximum is 90% field water capacity in autumn or spring. So 90% field water capacity was the optimal irrigation maximum index at the stage of seedling. 2) Growth of root and top was harmonious, root/top was higher, root activity was stronger, cytoliquid and water potential of cucumber leaves were more reasonable for plants growing vigorously, growth and development was better, plant metabolism was vigorous, chlorophyll content was higher, net photosynthesis rate was higher, invalid luxury transpiration was few, WUE of leaves was higher, female flowers were more, first fruit position was lower, quality of first fruit was better and earlier mature, fore period yield was higher and WUE was higher at the stage of initial bloom under the treatment H3 which irrigation maximum is 90% field water capacity in autumn or spring. So 90% field water capacity was the optimal irrigation maximum index at the stage of initial bloom. 3) Growth of plant was vigorous, nutritional growth and generative growth were harmonious, root activity was stronger, cytoliquid and water potential of leaves were more reasonable for plants growing vigorously, growth and development was better, chlorophyll content was higher, net photosynthesis rate was higher, invalid luxury transpiration was few, WUE was higher, quality of first fruit was better, yield was higher and WUE was higher at the stage of fruit-bearing under the treatment G3 which irrigation maximum is 90% field water capacity in autumn or spring. So 90% field water capacity was the optimal irrigation maximum index at the stage of fruit-bearing. So during the greenhouse cucumber producing and management, under the condition which the soil water content from 60% to 90% field water capacity at the stage of seedling and initial bloom and from 75% to 90% field water capacity at the stage of fruit-bearing, we can achieve the aim of water-saving, high yield, good quality and high efficiency.更多还原