【作者】 王静；

【导师】 王益权； 邹国元；

【作者基本信息】 西北农林科技大学 ， 土壤学， 2005， 硕士

【摘要】 为了揭示环境因素对作物生长发育过程的作用与影响机理,寻求科学有效的调控手段与技术,同时,研究作物生长的最佳土壤条件,为配合当今设施农业发展进行人造土壤的配置与调控建立科学的理论基础,开展了温室人工调控条件下的花卉植物生长发育过程的综合技术效应研究。不仅丰富了环境科学与植物生长关系的相关内容,而且追踪着土壤科学发展的前沿和动向,属于土壤调控与管理技术的主要内容。选择花卉作物为供试对象,是因为花卉是现代人类生活中不可缺少的东西,它的生长发育不仅依赖于自身的遗传特性,还受到外界环境条件的影响,花卉生产与产业发展主要取决于花卉对环境因子的适应能力,探求在温室条件下环境因子对花卉生长发育过程的作用机理,获得最佳的调控措施,实现人工智能化的规模生产。本文从温室的光照、栽培基质的pH 值、养分含量、接种菌剂和喷施赤霉素等五个方面分别对万寿菊、鸡冠花、小丽花的生长发育情况作了深入系统地研究,结果表明: 1.光调控对不同花卉品种与不同生育过程有不同方向和程度的作用与影响。遮光明显减少了万寿菊的植株重和花产量,而补光对其植株重和花产量作用效果不大;补光有降低万寿菊株高的趋势,增加了茎粗,遮光既明显抑制了万寿菊株高,也抑制了茎粗的生长;补光能显著降低万寿菊植株中的可溶性糖含量,而遮光则能显著增加其花中的可溶性糖含量;补光使万寿菊的始花期推迟,而遮光使其始花期提前。适量补光有助于增加鸡冠花的植株重;补光降低了鸡冠花的株高,而增加了其茎粗,遮光有利于鸡冠花长高,却不利于其长粗;补光有利于增加鸡冠花叶片中的叶绿素指标值,而遮光则会降低其指标值;补光和遮光对鸡冠花植株和花中的可溶性糖含量影响不大;补光可推迟鸡冠花始花期,而遮光则可提前其始花期。2.花卉栽培基质的最佳pH 以及缓冲性是人工配制基质的主要设计参数。小丽花、万寿菊、鸡冠花最佳pH 为中性至微酸性条件;栽培基质pH 对花卉花期有一定调控作用,不同花卉表现情况不同,对小丽花和鸡冠花调控作用最为明显,对万寿菊效果相对较差;花卉生长过程中对栽培基质pH 有明显升高作用,升高幅度与起始栽培基质酸度有关,起始酸度越低,升高幅度越大。　3.花卉基质的养分供给速率、养分配置方案是调控花卉生长的重要措施和有效手段。生产缓释长效氮肥对花卉生长氮素供应很有必要,依据花卉作物需氮规律,万寿菊选择脲醛较好,鸡冠花选择包衣尿素更好,成为花卉专用肥生产工艺设计的重要参考依据。万寿菊对磷钾适宜范围宽,要重视磷钾肥使用,而鸡冠花对磷钾都表现出明显饱和效应,要特别强调适宜使用。营养元素不同,对始花期调控方向及幅度不同,改善氮肥供应速率,可提前或推后花卉始花期,改善磷钾供应水平,磷对花期表现明显地提前作用,而钾表现出了延迟作用。更多还原

【Abstract】 Flowers play an important role in our society and become a necessary product in modern life. The development of ornamental flower depends on its genetic versions as well as environmental factors. In order to clarify the effects and regulation of environmental factors on ornamental plants, seeking scientific and efficient regulative means, the comprehensive techniques controlling ornamental plants development were studied in artificial environment, which include the effects of illumination, pH and nutrient content in culture matrix, inoculating bacterial cell suspension and applying Gibberellic acid(GA) on the development of ornamental plants Tagetes erecta、celosia cristata、dahlia pinnata and obtained the following conclusion. 1. Inllustration control showed different influences on flower plants development and physiology Plant weight, plant height stem diameter, and flower product were obviously decreased, the soluble sugar content in flowers was significantly increased and also bloom initiation was advanced with shade treatment of Tagetes erecta.But a slight effect on plant weight and flower counts of illustration compensating treatment was observed. It was found that compensating with illumination the plant was shortened and enlarged, the soluble sugar content in flowers was also decreased and the bloom initiation was prolonged. Compensating with appropriate illumination, plant weight of celosia cristata was decreased with shortened height and enlarged stem and also chlorophyll content in leaves was increased. Growing in shade was helpful for plant height, but not for stem enlarging growth and chlorophyll content accumulation in leaves. The soluble sugar content in plant and flowers were affected slightly by shade treatment or illumination compensation. Bloom initiation was prolonged in compensating with illumination but advanced in shade 2. Opitimal pH value and buffering capacity were principal parameters in artificial culture matrix The optimal pH for dahlia pinnata growth was neutral to slightly alkaline condition, but neutral to slight acidic condition for Tagetes erecta and celosia cristata, and much acidic for celosia cristata。The pH in culture matrix had regulative effects on blooming phase. And greater regulations were observed for dahlia pinnata and celosia cristata,poor effects for Tagetes erecta. It was found that ornamental plants could raise the pH value in culture matrix and the lower the initial acidity, the higher pH value rise. 3. Nutrient supply design and release rate were important and efficient regulative measurement Release control fertilizers was necessary nitrogen supplies for ornamental plant growth. Urea formaldehyde was the optimal selection for Tagetes erecta, and coating urea was more suitable for celosia cristata Tagetes erecta grew in a broad scale of phosphorus and potassium nutrient. both phosphorus and potassium showed a saturate effect for celosia cristata growth, suggesting a emphasis on suitable quantitive application. Supplying different nutrient types showed distinct effects on bloom phase. The bloom initiation were advanced by improving phosphorous supply and prolonged by potassium supply. The effects of nitrogen fertilizer were not uniformly on ornamental plant bloom phase. 4. Application with bacterial agent was an naval and practical means in the development regulation of ornamental plants. Tested bacterial agents showed a higher infection abilities to Tagetes erecta but poor to celosia cristata. Selecting Glomus versiforme as inoculum observed satisfied effects on Tagetes erecta with improvement of nutrient uptake and transfer to flowers. Infection by Glomus mosseae and mixture of G. versiforme and G. mosseae showed a side effect on Tagetes erecta.when infected by G. versiforme, the nutrition status of celosia cristata changed slightly, and no marked transfers of nutrients to flowers were observed. Bloom initiations of ornamental plants were prolonged by inoculating bacterial agents, and a pronounced effect was observed on celosia cristata 5. Applying concentration and time of chemical hormone were important parameters in the chemical control of ornamental plant. Spraying GA could stimulate the developments of dahlia pinnata.and celosia cristata And spraying in latter development phase gained better effects. Applying GA chlorophyll content in leaves of dahlia pinnata decreased and bloom initiation advanced. And much advanced for several days was observed in application with GA in latter development phase it was also found that the bloom initiation advanced by applying GA to Tagetes erecta. The influences of GA application in chlorophyll content in leaves and bloom phase of celosia cristata was different, which depended on the GA concentration and applying time.更多还原