【作者】 赵财；

【导师】 黄高宝；

【作者基本信息】 甘肃农业大学 ， 作物栽培学与耕作学， 2005， 硕士

【摘要】 本文通过资料的调研与分析构建了技术自身、作物类型和农户三个一级评价指标和基建与设备投资、灌水均匀度、对地形的适应性、对土壤透水性的适应性、节水率、增产幅度、与作物的匹配程度、农户承担能力、掌握难易程度和经济效益等十个二级指标;然后用所构建指标对畦灌、沟灌、膜上灌、隔沟交替灌、波涌灌、喷灌、滴灌、渗灌和免冬灌等九种田间节水灌溉技术在小麦、玉米、大田蔬菜和温室蔬菜等作物上的适应性做综合评价,得到以下结论: 在现阶段技术自身、作物和农户的约束下适宜小麦的节水灌溉技术依次为:膜上灌、喷灌、畦灌、滴灌、隔沟灌、沟灌、渗灌、波涌灌和免冬灌。适宜玉米的节水技术依次是:膜上灌、滴灌、隔沟交替灌、沟灌、渗灌、喷灌、畦灌、免冬灌和波涌灌。适宜大田蔬菜的节水技术依次是:膜上灌、沟灌、喷灌、免冬灌、滴灌、渗灌、隔沟交替灌、畦灌和波涌灌。适宜温室蔬菜的节水技术依次是:膜上灌、沟灌、滴灌、渗灌、免冬灌、喷灌、隔沟交替灌、畦灌和波涌灌。在只有技术和作物的约束下得出田间节水灌溉技术的发展趋势,适宜小麦的节水灌溉技术依次是:喷灌、膜上灌、滴灌、渗灌、波涌灌、畦灌、隔沟交替灌、沟灌和免冬灌。适宜玉米的节水技术依次为:滴灌、渗灌、膜上灌、喷灌、隔沟灌、沟灌、波涌灌、畦灌和免冬灌。适宜大田蔬菜的节水技术依次为:喷灌、滴灌、膜上灌、渗灌、沟灌、免冬灌、波涌灌、隔沟灌、畦灌。适宜温室蔬菜的节水技术依次为:滴灌、渗灌、喷灌、膜上灌、沟灌、免冬灌、波涌灌、隔沟灌、畦灌。总体而言,在现阶段技术、作物和农户的约束下田间灌溉的主要技术为膜上灌、沟灌和畦灌等地面灌溉技术;而随着经济社会的发展,农户的承担能力和操作技能已不再是影响节水技术的主要因素,田间灌溉的发展趋势以采用喷灌、滴灌和渗灌等先进节水灌溉技术为主。张掖市的实证研究得到如下结论,日光温室黄瓜三种节灌技术的比较研究的结果表明:膜下滴灌的灌水生产效率达到32.46kg/m~3,而沟灌的灌水生产效率只有15.70kg/m~3。且膜下滴灌方式灌水可有效减少病虫害,降低生产成本; 膜下滴灌的产投比与膜下沟灌相比高出14%,比沟灌高出39%,有较高的经济效益。喷、微灌在大田中的应用效果研究的结果表明:虽然,喷灌和渗灌与传统的大水更多还原

【Abstract】 Technology, crop and farmers, etc. three first evaluating indexes and investing equipment, homogeneous degree of irrigation, the adaptability for topography, the adaptability for penetrability, ratio of water saving, the range of increased production, the level of technique matching with crops, the bear ability of farmers, difficulty level to operation and beneficial results, etc. ten second evaluating indexes were constructed By investigation and analyzing the papers; furthermore, using these indexes make the comprehensive evaluation for the water saving irrigation in field of border irrigation, furrow irrigation, irrigation on plastic film, controlled alternative irrigation, surge irrigation, sprinkler irrigation, drip irrigation, subsurface drip irrigation, no-winter irrigation, etc. on wheat, corn, vegetable in field and vegetable in greenhouse ,etc. It made the these conclusion. The suitable water saving irrigation technologies for wheat successively is irrigation on plastic film, sprinkler irrigation, border irrigation, drip irrigation, controlled alternative irrigation, furrow irrigation, subsurface drip irrigation, surge irrigation, no-winter irrigation under the limited of techniques, crop and farmer at the present stage. The suitable water saving irrigation technologies for corn successively is irrigation on plastic film, drip irrigation, controlled alternative irrigation, furrow irrigation, subsurface drip irrigation, sprinkler irrigation, border irrigation, no-winter irrigation, surge irrigation. The suitable water saving irrigation technologies for vegetable in field successively is irrigation on plastic film, furrow irrigation, sprinkler irrigation, no-winter irrigation, drip irrigation, subsurface drip irrigation, controlled alternative irrigation, border irrigation, surge irrigation. The suitable water saving irrigation technologies for vegetable in greenhouse successively is irrigation on plastic film, furrow irrigation, drip irrigation, subsurface drip irrigation, no-winter irrigation, sprinkler irrigation, controlled alternative irrigation, border irrigation, surge irrigation. The trend of irrigation in field as follows: The suitable water saving irrigation technologies for wheat successively is sprinkler irrigation, irrigation on plastic film, drip irrigation, subsurface drip irrigation, surge irrigation, border irrigation, controlled alternative irrigation, furrow irrigation, no-winter irrigation under the limited of techniques and crop in the future. The suitable water saving irrigation technologies for corn successively is drip irrigation, subsurface drip irrigation, irrigation on plastic film, sprinkler irrigation, controlled alternative irrigation, furrow irrigation, surge irrigation, border irrigation, no-winter irrigation. The suitable water saving irrigation technologies for vegetable in field successively is sprinkler irrigation, drip irrigation, irrigation on plastic film, subsurface drip irrigation, furrow irrigation, no-winter irrigation, surge irrigation, controlled alternative irrigation, border irrigation. The suitable water saving irrigation technologies for vegetable in greenhouse successively is drip irrigation, subsurface drip irrigation, sprinkler irrigation, irrigation on plastic film, furrow irrigation, no-winter irrigation, surge irrigation, controlled alternative irrigation, border irrigation. In a word, the development trend of irrigation in field is to adopt the advanced irrigation techniques of sprinkler , drip irrigation and subsurface drip irrigation, etc. The demonstration research in Zhangye made the following conclusions. the results of the study on three water saving irrigation in sunshine greenhouse of cucumber showed that the production efficiency of drip irrigation under plastic mulch attain 32.46kg/m3 and 15.70kg/m3 of furrow irrigation. drip irrigation under plastic mulch can decrease the plant disease and insect pests and cost; The ratio of production to investment for drip irrigation under plastic film is higher 14% and 39% than furrow irrigation under plastic film and furrow irrigation respectively, it has higher beneficial results. The utilized effect of sprinkler and drip irrigation in field indicated: sprinkler and subsurface drip irrigation saved electricity 30%~40%, water 50% than furrow irrigation. The no-winter irrigation research on pepper indicated: the no-winter irrigation saved water about 20% than winter irrigation. No-winter irrigation on corn saved water 60m3 than winter irrigated pepper, but no-winter irrigated field for corn need irrigation at spring.更多还原