【作者】 黄保亮；

【导师】 胡继连；

【作者基本信息】 山东农业大学 ， 农业经济管理， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 统筹城乡发展,推进城乡一体化,是打破城乡二元结构、完善社会主义市场经济体制的必然趋势。所谓统筹城乡发展,就是要改变重城市、轻农村、“城乡分治”的传统观念和做法,通过体制创新和政策调整,把工业与农业、城市与农村、城镇居民和农民作为一个整体,同等对待,通盘考虑,统一筹划,协调推进,最终实现城乡全面发展。可以说,这既是一条解决“三农”问题的全新思路,也是一条解决“三农”问题的根本出路。过去26年的改革,基本方向是经济市场化,基本内容是搞活微观经济主体,而当前遇到的问题越来越多地涉及到宏观体制问题,农村问题与城市问题也越来越交织在一起。特别是当前“三农”发展滞后的状况,不仅是长期以来实行的城乡差别发展战略及其相应的城乡二元结构造成的,也是市场配置资源而政府职能转变不到位造成的。统筹城乡发展、推进城乡一体化,有利于终结城乡差别发展战略,打破城乡二元结构,赋予农民公平的国民待遇、完整的财产权利和平等的发展机会,建立城乡平等的经济社会新体制。 本文结合山东的实际情况,从四个方面对城乡统筹发展的机制和政策进行了探索和研究。第一部分,分析了在城乡基础设施建设方面存在的差距,即农村基础设施建设资金来源渠道狭窄,农业投资相对不足;农村基础设施的管理体制和运营体制不完善,效率低下;农田水利基础设施薄弱,抵御灾害能力差;与农民生活有关的基础设施十分落后,限制了农村地区对消费品的需求。针对这些问题,本文提出了四点统筹建议:拓展农村基础设施建设投资渠道,加大资金投入力度;搞好对农业基础设施建设的规划,加强农业基础设施及其建设资金的管理;加大农田水利基本设施建设的力度,从根本上解决农民靠天吃饭的局面;找准农村基础设施建设的切入点,从农村生活基础设施的建设入手。第二部分,对城乡资源配置和生产要素流动的历史、现状及其不合理方面进行了分析,并建议:在资本资源的统筹配置方面,应加大政府投入的力度:保证农业的贷款规模;建立农业现代化发展基金:引导外商投资农业领域;优先发行企业债券、股票。在劳动力资源的统筹配置方面,要确立劳动力开发战略,培育和发展劳动力市场;大力发展乡镇企业和个体私营经济;加快小城镇建设;大力发展更多还原

【Abstract】 Coordinating urban and rural development and promoting urban and rural integration is an important step toward breaking down the dual urban-rural structure and perfecting the socialist market economy system. Coordinating urban and rural development means changing the traditional ideas and practice of favoring cities over the countryside and administering urban and rural areas separately, and realizing all-round development of both urban and rural areas by taking industries and agriculture, cities and the countryside, and urban residents and farmers as a wholer espectively, and through unified planning and concerted efforts. This is a new but fundamental approach to solving China’s farmer and agriculture issue. China’s reform in the past 26 years has been market-oriented and aimed at revitalizing the microeconomic entities, however the current economic problems facing China is more and more related to the macroeconomic system. The farmer and agriculture issue not only originates in the development strategy of favoring cities over the countryside and the resulting dual urban-rural structure, it is also due to the malfunction of government when resource allocation is performed mainly by the market. Coordinating urban and rural development and promoting urban and rural integration will change the status quo, and provide farmers with fair national treatment, complete property right and equal development opportunities, thus establish a new economic and social system under which cities and the countryside are equally treated.This article discusses the mechanism and policies of coordinating urban and rural development. Part One analyzes the disparity of infrastructure construction between urban and rural areas and puts forward four recommendations. First, expand investment channels for rural infrastructure construction. Second, improve ruralinfrastructure construction planning and fund management. Third, increase investment in irrigation system and relievefarmers from reliance on the nature. Fourth, start rural infrastructure construction with daily life facilities. Part Two reviews the history and status quo of resources allocation in urban and rural areas, and offers policy recommends on the allocation of capital and labor resources. In terms of capital resources, the government should increase investment in the rural areas, the scale of bank loans should be maintained, foreign investment in agricultural sector should be encouraged. In terms of labor resources, labor market should be developed, more channels should be established for relocating rural labor. Part Three analyzes the importance of coordinating the development of urban and rural social security system, and puts forward the following proposals. First, raise awareness and improve administration. Second, establish a multi-layer social security system and increase coverage in the rural area. Third, find more channels for funding rural social security. Fourth, establish an authoritative administrative body for rural social security system. Part Four analyzed urban and rural disparity in the area of culture, education, technology and spiritual civilization and offers proposal respectively. For coordinating the development of culture and education, the article proposes to establish a comprehensive rural education system and encourage the self-education by farmer themselves. For technological development, the article proposes to increase investment in the development of agricultural technologies and improve basic agricultural research and application. For the development of spiritual civilization in rural area, the article proposes to improve leadership by the Party, increase investment and strengthen institutional construction.更多还原