【作者】 钱静；

【导师】 宋宗宇；

【作者基本信息】 重庆大学 ， 环境与资源保护法学， 2005， 硕士

【摘要】 目前,环境保护在我国发展得十分广泛和迅速,公民的环境意识也逐渐提高,呼唤环境保护的法律机制尽快完善。其中环境公益诉讼越来越为大家所关注,尤其是在国内发生了许多关于公益诉讼的案件都引发了关于环境公益诉讼的讨论。而我国的现行法律当中也没有关于此方面的规定,使得一些迫切的环境问题得不到解决,也使得公民和其他社会组织、团体以及国家机关维护环境公共利益的行为没有法律依据,无法得到法律的支持和保障。因此,建立我国的环境公益诉讼制度势在必行。本文从公益诉讼着手,虽然在古罗马时期公益诉讼就已经存在,但是引起广泛关注是在20 世纪。随着资本主义由自由资本主义走向垄断资本主义,社会主义的兴起,高科技的迅速发展,人们生产和生活日益社会化,公害问题也日益凸现出来。为了维护国家、社会公共利益,环境诉讼案件不断涌现。作为公益诉讼的典型适用,环境诉讼也有其自身的特点。如何使其更经济、效率的解决环境纠纷,各国都进行了有益的探索,作者将较为有代表性的美国集团诉讼制度、日本选定当事人诉讼制度和德国团体诉讼制度与我国代表人诉讼制度进行了比较,以期在立足于本国国情的基础上扬弃地借鉴外国经验,完善我国的公益诉讼制度。本文除引言外共有四个部分,以下就各个部分分别加以介绍: 第一部分就环境公益诉讼的基础理论进行了相关解析。首先从概念、特征和分类三个方面入手对公益诉讼进行了分析。公益诉讼在罗马时期就存在,一般是对有关国家利益案件的审查。其次分析了环境诉讼作为公益诉讼的典型适用,其公益理念和产生的理论基础。由于环境具有“整体性”、“共有性”的特征,环境权的公益性是显而易见的。根据“有权利就有保障,有损害就有救济”的原则,当环境权遭受侵害或有受侵害之危险时,赋予当事人环境诉讼资格提起环境诉讼是诸多救济途径中最有效的方式。因而,在环境权从理论到实践、从依法保障到法律实施理念的支配下,环境公益诉讼进入了人们的视野。最后,对环境公益诉讼的概念、特点和分类进行了阐述。环境公益诉讼是有起诉资格的原告为维护环境公共利益对侵犯环境公益的违法行为向法院提起诉讼的制度。由于诉讼是为了保护国家、社会公共利益,追求社会公正、公平,且并不要求发起者与本案有直接利害关系。因此具有社会本位、起诉主体范围广泛、当事人地位特殊和预防性功能的特点。环境公益诉讼是一个综合性的概念,根据所针对的被诉行为不同,有不同的分类,其性质上也有较大的差异,因而不能将其固定在某个具体模式之下。更多还原

【Abstract】 Now, the environmental protection develop very extensively and quickly in our country, citizen environmental consciousness also increase gradually, call the environmental protection mechanism consummate as soon as possible. The people are more and more pay attention to the environmental public benefit suit. Particularly in the domestic, It is that take place lots of cases which is about environmental public benefit suit. All of them cause ardent discuss. but current law of our country have not relevant provision to resolve environmental problem, So make a lot of urgent environmental public benefit suits can not get solution, and it is also make the citizen and other social organize who support the environment protected, the behavior of them whom for environmental public benefit with no law basis, can’t get the law’s support . Therefore, it is necessary to establish the system of environmental public benefit suit in our country. This text is from the public benefit suit, although public benefit suit in ancient Rome have already existed in the period, cause the extensively concerned is in the 20th centuries. In pace with the free capitalism to the monopoly capitalism, then the socialism is on the upgrade, quick development of high technology, people’s life society day by day, environmental pollution is appear increasingly. For uphold social and public benefits, environmental public suit emerge in large numbers. As the typical model of public benefit suit, the environmental public benefit suit also have the characteristics of itself. How to make it more economic and efficiency to solution the environmental dispute, every country launches the beneficial quest, author will compare the community procedural in the United States, Japan and Germany, in order to pick and choose foreign experience have a footing on state of our country, and consummate environmental public benefit suit of our country. This text include preface, remarks and other four parts totally, each part take in to generalize introduction below: The first part analyze the foundation theories of environmental public benefit suit, introduced the relevant theories of public benefit suit, such as concept, characteristic and classify. The next analyzed the environmental public benefit suit to be used as the public benefit suit typical model, and its produced have own fundamental theories. Finally draw forth the conception of environmental public benefit suit. The second part discussed the system of environmental public benefit suit overseas. On the basis of the comparative research of the class procedural of USA, party alternative procedural of Japan, group procedural of Germany. They all have their advantages and defects. Finally author evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of three kinds of systems, so as to we can learn something from it. The third part introduced the related theories of representative procedural system of our country at first, compare with the same system abroad, our representative litigation system have some defects are not suitable to the majority environmental procedural. In environment pollution dispute still face many problem. Whether our country’s fact conditions or law present conditions, all of them urgently demand us to establish system of environmental public benefit procedural, which stand at the condition of our country. It is also the request of constructing society of rule by law in our country. The fourth part is a focal point of textual, writer emphasize picking and choosing the useful experiences from oversea, such as: loosen party qualifying, petition and prescription of environmental procedural, evidence of environmental procedural, etc. Environmental public benefit suit is an important part of Environmental Law. The article studies some distinctive issues by which the environmental procedural is different from the traditional procedural, so it can ser to improve related construction of Chinese system and theory. At last of textual, author summarize whole article. Environmental public benefit suit as a new-born thing, how should to construct the system of environmental public benefit suit, and let it suitable to settle the majority environmental dispute. Not only saving cost of suit, but also raising efficiency. Protecting people’s environmental right, and making the system of environmental public benefit suit in our country established more better and as soon as possible.更多还原