【作者】 王宁；

【导师】 张智； 王定川；

【作者基本信息】 重庆大学 ， 环境工程， 2005， 硕士

【摘要】 本文首先分析了我国火灾事故调查现状,在充分肯定我国火灾事故调查工作取得了一定成绩的同时,对存在问题进行了系统的剖析,认为目前问题表现在:①火灾事故调查目的模糊不清。火灾事故性质存在着双重性,即火灾事故既可能是自然灾害事故,又可能是人的因素引起的责任事故,由于对火灾事故性质过分强调人为因素方面的责任,没有对其客观性给予必要的尊重,导致火灾事故调查目的模糊不清;②确定的调查主体薄弱。我国现行消防机构现役体制导致人员的增加滞后于工作量的增加,包括火灾事故调查在内的整个消防工作人力资源严重不足,但现行调查主体过于狭小,以至于完全无法适应工作的需要;③确定的调查任务混乱,特别是损失核定和责任认定的任务,其要求从理论上和实践上都是彻底错误的,成为引起群众不满的导火线;④调查的机制不顺。没有对火灾事故从调查工作的角度进行分类,消防监督机构要调查所有火灾事故根本是不可能的,对调查程序没有严格要求,导致调查工作中也出现了许多问题;⑤调查工作的其它方面问题也突出。在火灾事故涉及的刑事案件上有责任不明的方面,尤其是放火案件涉及到公安机关内部的两个警种,现行的法规没有明确规定究竟由那一个部门得出的结论为最终认定,实际工作中常常交接不清,影响到放火案件的侦破。分析了我国火灾事故调查工作中上述问题后,本文讨论了火灾事故性质及其发生发展的规律,指出火灾事故客观上属于灾害事故,火灾事故将随着国家经济建设发展在一定时期内呈现上升的趋势,还将美国、日本和俄罗斯的火灾事故调查模式与我国模式进行了综合比较,系统地阐述了对火灾事故调查改革的下述观点:①在重新认识火灾事故性质的前提下,对火灾事故调查目的给予重新定位。我国的火灾事故调查目的,应当定位于尊重火灾事故主要是客观灾害事故基础上,注意与我国现阶段社会的主要矛盾判断相一致,体现保障公民和组织的合法权益,服务于我国经济建设这一中心工作;②拓宽调查主体。在考虑发挥政府机构作用时,特别对公安机关作为调查主体的问题进行了专门讨论,并探索了中介机构参加火灾事故调查的作用和与之适应的政策规定;③重新规定火灾事故调查任务。在强调查明火灾事故原因时,放弃对火灾事故损失核定,而恢复统计火灾损失的任务,放弃认定火灾事故责任,而要求对火灾事故责任人依法追究法律责任;④根据火灾事故的损失大小及影响程度等因素,将火灾事故分类,并采取不同的调查程序。公安消防机构主要从事火灾事故损失影响较大的调查,而将一般火灾事故调查交由公安派出所或中介机构进行;⑤在火灾事故调查的方法上,要从保护公民和组织的合法权益的根本要求出发,注意调查中询问和传唤上的区别,对火灾更多还原

【Abstract】 The article discusses the reform of Chinese fire accident investigation. First it carries on analysis to the present condition of fire accident investigation and full affirms that the work of fire accident investigation have obtained the certain result which basically adapted our country present stage economy development. Second it analyses a few problems existed currently in the fire accident investigation and thinks the problem main perform in:①Fire character is fixed error. We must live with that a fire is a natural disaster as well as a responsibility accident that cause by person. But currently policy only fixed the responsibility accident that cause by person. As a result the purpose of investigation is unclear. ②The main body of investigation is not satisfactory. In China the firemen is consisted by active army and the human resource is serious shortage. Face this actual, the policy should allow the whole police to take part in fire accident investigation. But the current policy is too narrow to adapt the demand work completely. ③The task dose not prescribe satisfactory, especially in checking-and -ratify losing and confirm responsibility.④There is not classification and procedure. Based on the shortage of human resource, the current law appears many problems in the practice.⑤It is unclear in penal particularly in the aspects of arson been involved. Because of policemen and firemen take part in the same scene, the current laws did not give an explicit answer which part to be master of in actually work. After analyzing above-mentioned problem, this text discussed the character of fire and the rule that occurred and developed. The author especially point out that a fire is an objective disaster and will increase along with the add of economy .Then in compared with the mode of the investigation of our country to the United States, Japan and f Russia we come to the conclusion: ①It is necessary to realize the new purpose of investigation based on re-knows a fire character. Our purpose of investigation ought to respect that a fire is mainly the objective disaster, to accord with the judgment of the present stage of the social conflict, to guarantees the legal rights of the citizen and organization, to service the center work of the economy construction. ②It is important to wide the corps of the fire accident investigation. Considered the function of government organ, it has been specially talk over that the policy as the subject of the corps of the fire accident investigation, also it has been discussed that the agency take part in the fire accident investigation.③Re-prescribe task of the fire accident investigation. To find out a fire reason should be emphasized. Instead of checking lose of a fire by statistic. To give up affirm the responsibility of fire and pursue the person that responsibility by law.④Sorting the fire according to the type of loss size and prescribing the different procedure. The firemen mainly responsibility for the fire that have bigger lose and a strong influence, but the police even agency is able to attend the other fire accident investigation. ⑤When come to the method of fire accident investigation, it should be importance that distinction between asking and interrogating so that to protect the legal rights of citizen and organization. The technique authentication also has been discussed. ⑥It should be further definitely about primarily corps of arson . Police must make an end conclusion for arson and firemen should strengthen in two criminal cases. ⑦Augmenting cooperates with the insurance company in fire accident investigation. The fire loss insurance is a tradition of the insurance operation so that the insurance companies all pay attention to the result of a fire accident investigation very much. As a result cooperates with the insurance company in fire accident investigation have the benefit of the insurance company as well as the firemen. Especially facing the kind of criminal that cheat the premium both the insurance company and the firemen should fight together to that premium.更多还原