我国检察机关提起民事诉讼问题研究

【作者】 卓玲；

【导师】 周庆；

【作者基本信息】 郑州大学 ， 法律， 2005， 硕士

【摘要】 检察机关提起民事诉讼,作为一项重要的法律制度,产生于18世纪的法国资产阶级革命,后历经完善和发展,现已成为世界上大多数国家的普遍做法。 随着改革开放的逐步深入,我国的各项社会主义建设事业取得了举世瞩目的成就,但由其所带来的诸如国有资产流失、环境污染、垄断等负面问题的影响也日益严重。如何在当前立法缺位的情况下,能够对受损的国家利益、社会公共利益进行有效的司法救济,已成为理论界和实务界共同关注的问题。我国检察机关也对此进行着积极有益的探索,并积累了丰富的经验。 “检察权是法律监督权”的准确定位,使检察机关基于法律监督权不仅能对民事审判活动的合法性进行监督,还可对一般的民事活动进行监督,即对民事活动主体的民事活动的合法性进行监督。民事诉权理论发展到今天,当事人范围和诉的利益范围的扩大,表明了各国均在不断扩大诉讼主体范围以实现救济范围的不断扩大,尤其是诉讼信托制度的引入,使检察机关通过法定信托的方式获得诉权,在程序上解决了其正当当事人的问题。由于任何社会都存在超越个人利益之上的国家利益、社会公共利益,就需要对与国家公权力相对应的个人私权利进行必要的监督和制约,检察机关提起民事诉讼恰是国家干预理论在民事诉讼领域的合理应用。民事诉讼目的和价值理论的发展,使人们能够从经济学的角度,来进行司法资源的合理配置,力求达到公平与效率的最佳结合点——效益的最大值。这些都为我国检察机关提起民事诉讼制度的建立提供了有力的理论支撑。 在具体制度构建方面,由于检察机关是代表国家提起诉讼,国家公诉人的身份和地位决定了其在民事诉讼中所享有的诉讼权利和承担的诉讼义务不能完全等同于一般当事人,例如不交纳诉讼费用、滥用公诉权时还必须承担国家赔偿责任等。更多还原

【Abstract】 Filing a civil action by procuratorial organs, as an important legal system, emerged in the 18th centuries French Bourgeois Revolution. Having experienced improvement and development, it has been adopted by most countries in the world now.With the reform and opening to the outside world, the achievements that attract worldwide attention in the each cause of socialist construction have been obtained in China. But the problems with it, such as the drain of the state-owned assets, environmental pollution and monopoly, etc have become more and more serious. Under the current circumstances of absence of enacting laws, the general concern of the theoretical and pragmatic circles is how to provide judicial relief to the damaged national interest and social public interest efficiently. In China, studying actively on it, procuratorial organs have accumulated a wealth of experience.The accurate definition of "procuratorial right is the right of legal supervision" makes procuratorial organs base on the right of legal supervision. It can supervise not only the legality of civil judicial activities but also the general civil activities, namely, the legality of civil activity subject’s civil activities. With the recent development of the theory of civil actions, extension of litigant limits and litigation benefit limits, especially the introduction of litigation trust system, procuratorial organs gain the litigation right through legal trust way and solve the legitimate litigant’s problems procedurally. As there is national interest and social public interest that surpasses personal interest in any society, it is necessary to supervise and restrain the personal right, which corresponds with state power. Filing a civil action by procuratorial organs is just the reasonable application of the state intervention theory in the field of civil actions. The development of civil actions’ aim and value theory makes people allocate the judicial resources reasonably from the view of economics and try to achieve the best point of combination between fairness and benefit, that is the maximum of benefit. It provides a strong theory support for the establishment of the system of procuratorial organs’ filing civil actions.From the aspect of concrete system construction, as the procuratorial organs filelawsuits on behalf of the state, the status of state public prosecutor decide that they enjoy the lawsuit right and fulfill the lawsuit obligation that can not be equal to that of the ordinary litigant. For example, they must shoulder the responsibility of state compensation if they don’t pay the lawsuit fee or abuse the public prosecution power, etc.更多还原