河南省失地农民问题研究

【作者】 张涵；

【导师】 杜书云；

【作者基本信息】 郑州大学 ， 区域经济学， 2005， 硕士

【摘要】 随着社会经济的快速发展,尤其是工业化、城市化进程的加快,被征用的农村土地数量在不断增加,失地农民越来越多。由于自身素质、体制和管理等多方面的原因,一部分农民失地又失业,成为新的困难群体,面临着严重的生存危机,相应的社会矛盾也必然会被引发和激化。如何使曾经以土地为生的农民失地不失业,土地被征用后失地农民原有的生活水平能够得以保持、如何切实保护失地农民的利益,解除失地农民的后顾之忧,确保他们过上长期稳定的生活,是直接关系到城乡社会稳定和农村经济协调发展的重要问题,也是当前发展经济、稳定社会、保障民生的一个不容忽视的问题。本文及时地对失地农民问题展开研究,在深入分析失地农民问题的基础上提出了解决失地农民问题的对策构想。文章强调了解决失地农民问题的重要性和紧迫性,对土地管理及相关部门实现“城市化”这一目标具有一定的指导意义和现实意义。 文章首先通过对建国后土地征用制度演变过程的回顾,分析了失地农民问题存在的政策原因。在此基础上,结合河南省失地农民基本现状,分析了土地征用过程中所存在的失地农民补偿问题、失地农民就业困难的问题、失地农民社会保障不完善的问题及城市化进程中失地农民向市民角色转变过程中所存在的矛盾和问题,详细论证了这些问题之所以存在的主客观原因。在对以上这些问题进行了积极探索的基础上,提出制度创新的建议:要解决现行征地补偿理论和制度设计上所存在的缺陷问题,重构农村土地产权关系、建立符合市场经济规律的补偿机制,使征地制度与市场经济规则相适应、强调农民在土地财产处置中的中心地位等;提出完善失地农民就业机制的建议:各级政府应该在解决失地农民就业困难的问题上全力提高失地农民的就业技能、加快就业服务信息网络建设、积极创造对其有利的就业环境,同时在解决失地农民在生活保障方面的问题上应进一步完善农村社会保障体系,解除失地农民后顾之忧;提出转变政府职能,推进失地农民市民化进程的建议:通过对现有阻碍市民化进程的制度进行改革、加强教育培训力度,提升失地农民文化素质水平等措施,促进失地农民生活方式与生产方式的共同转变,实现真正意义上的“城市化”。更多还原

【Abstract】 With economic and social development, especially with speeding up of industrialization and urbanization, there has been an increase in quantity of confiscated land in rural areas. In some villages, farmers lost their basis for living as their lands were totally or partly confiscated, and because that rural security system has not improved, which made these farmers facing serious living crisis and thus aroused some social contradictions. The problem that how to make farmers who have lost their lands not become unemployed and maintain their former living standard, and the problem that how to protect interests of these farmers, to relieve their worrying about future life after losing lands and to ensure their long and steady life will directly affect rural and urban social stabilization and harmonious development of rural economy. These problems also are the problems that can not be neglected to develop economy, stabilize society and secure people’s life. Considering this, I made a research promptly about the questions with farmers’ who lost lands. On the basis of the research, this paper put forward strategies for the questions and emphasized the importance and urgency of these questions. This paper has the instructive significance for land administration department to realize the aim in regulation and control of land market, and the aim in supervision measures, and will do good to carrying out of the principle that the land resource and land assets should be paid equal attention in administration, and to the continuing development of economy.This paper analyzes historical and political reasons of the questions about the farmers’ who lost lands through review evolving of land utilization institutions and forming process. Combined with the basic conditions (on the basis of the investigation in Zhengzhou, Jiaozuo, Kaifeng, Puyang and Luoyang of Henan Province ) this paper demonstrate problems or difficulties exist in compensation for farmers’ lost lands, To specify, there are four problems and contradictions appeared in the process of confiscating lands. Firstly, it is about defect of present confiscation and compensation theory and system design. Secondly, it’s about the difficulties existed in farmers’ employment after losing their lands in the process of urbanization. Thirdly, it’s concerning difficulties in farmers’ life security, which are mainly resulted from single form of confiscation arrangements, difficulty for urban social security system to cover lost lands farmers. Simultaneously there are difficulties exit though the processing oftransferring from farmers to residents of a city. In order to resolve the questions with fanners’ who lost lands, this paper advance some useful suggestions. In the respect of institutional creation: The defects of present confiscation and compensation theory and system design should be resolved starting from making collective lands property rights clear, restructuring rural lands property rights, establishing a compensation system that is in conformity to market economy rules, establishing a benefits sharing mechanism that aims at securing rights and interests of lost lands farmers and making it sounder, improving allocation method of confiscated lands and making allocation behavior more standard. Counter with the following two questions, the proposition is: to speed up construction of employment information network, to improve farmers’ employment skills, to create a good employment environment for lost lands formers, and to strengthen development of township enterprises. To solve problems in formers’ life security, we should further improve rural social insurance system, and establish health and old age security system, a safe taking over system for formers’ old age security pension, operation and management system and benefits allocation mechanism of collective economic organizations. The last problem is about contradictions happened in process of formers’ getting citizenship after losing their lands, which mainly because of high costs and difficulties for formers to enter cities and adapt to city life. So we need to create a comprehensive social security system, increase employment rate, realize transformation of farmers’ production mode, improve farmers’ cultural quality, strengthen community management in the cities and transform governmental functions.更多还原