【作者】 李书同；

【导师】 何素芹； 朱诚身；

【作者基本信息】 郑州大学 ， 材料学， 2005， 硕士

【摘要】 煤矸石是煤炭开采和洗选加工过程中排出的废弃物。这些废弃物不仅占用大量土地,而且还对土壤、植被、水和大气造成污染,危害人体健康,如何实现煤矸石废弃物的资源化利用,是我国煤矿生产中伴生矿物资源综合利用的主要研究课题。利用煤矸石作为聚合物制品的填料,既能使煤矸石得到利用,又能降低聚合物材料的成本,如果能进一步改善聚合物材料的性能,将是利用煤矸石的一种很好方式。实验表明,适宜作为聚合物填料使用的煤矸石原料,其主要成分应该是粘土类矿物和碳质有机化合物。 本文选择山西某煤矿的煤矸石作为主要原料,通过分选,破碎,超细粉碎及表面改性等得到三种煤矸石样品,对其成分、粒度及活化指数等进行了表征。采用熔融共混方法制备出了尼龙6/煤矸石复合材料,并对复合材料的力学性能、熔融和结晶行为及非等温结晶动力学、晶体结构、微观相结构及流变性能进行了系统研究,并探讨了表面改性剂成分及用量、煤矸石的组分、粒径及填充量等对尼龙6结构与性能的影响,主要得到以下结果。 1.三种煤矸石由于其组成的差别,对尼龙6的填充效果有所不同。煤矸石的加入均能使尼龙6的拉伸性能的弯曲性能均有不同程度的增加,其中M2的综合性能较好,强度提高的同时,冲击韧性基本保持。 2.在所使用的四种偶联剂中,以KH550和NDZ101对煤矸石进行表面处理,得到的尼龙6/煤矸石复合材料的综合性能较好,偶联剂的适宜含量为1.0%。 3.煤矸石颗粒粒径越细,其填充效果越好。 4.随着煤矸石填充量的增加,拉伸和弯曲性能先增加后降低,缺口冲击强度先下降后上升,最佳含量是25%。 5.DSC和WAXD测定结果表明,煤矸石的存在促进了尼龙6γ-晶的生成,提高了尼龙6结晶温度,加快了尼龙6的结晶速度,煤矸石粒子在尼龙6结晶过程中起到异相成核的作用。非等温结晶动力学研究表明,煤矸石显著影响了尼龙6的成核机理和晶体生长方式。更多还原

【Abstract】 Coal shale is the waste in coal production course. They not only take up the large area ground, but also pollute the soil, plant, water and air, which result in endanger the health of human body. How to utilize the waste still is a mainly studied task on the accompanying resource used among coal production in China. It is a good type that the coal shale is used as filler of polymer. It not only make the coal shale useful, but also decrease the cost of the material, and it is the better way if the coal shale can improve the properties of the polymer material. The results show that the main component of the coal shale which can be used as polymer filler are clay and organic compound.The paper chose Shanxi province produced coal shale as original material, and get three coal shale samples through a serial production courses, including separation, grinding, ultra-fine grinding and surface treatment, and receive the three type fillers. Their component, granularity and activation index are tested. Then, Nylon 6/coal shale composites were prepared by melt blending. Many testings are carried out such as mechanical properties, melting and crystal behaviors, rheology, and microstructures. And the structures and the properties of the nylon6 are influenced by the coupling agents and its content, coal shale component, granularity ,and the content of the coal shale which were discussed. The primary results are as followed:1. The different coal shale have different result. The results show the coal shale is the best. The elastic modulus of nylon6 added with coal shale B raised by 37%, the flexural modulus 35%, and impact strength a little. The tensile strength, the elastic ratio, the flexural strength and flexural modulus of nylon6 added with coal shale A, C increased by little.2. The filler coal shale applied was modified by silane coupling agents KH550, KH560 and easter titantane coupling agents NDZ101, NDZ201. The results show that properties of filled composite are obviously improved. The comprehensive effects offiller modified by KH550 and NDZ101 are better. The appropriate content is 1.0%.3. The properties of composites increase with the particle size decrease.4. With the content of the coal shale increasing, the tensile properties and the flexural properties of composites increase with the amount at first and then decrease and it is best when the amount is 25%, and the impact strength is opposition.5. Results of DSC, WAXD showed that the existence of the coal shale could lead tothe emergence of γ -crystal of Nylon 6, could affect the crystallization velocities andcrystallinities of Nylon6, could raise their crystallization temperatures. Results of their non- isothermal kinetics indicated that coal shale affected nucleation mechanisms and growth modes of crystal of Nylon 6.6. In the range of the shear rate, pure nylon 6 and its composites were both pseudoplastic fluids. Addition of coal shale made the sensitivity of nylon 6 to shearing and temperature decrease, which made nylon 6 easy to process.7. SEM pictures show imbricate structures for nylon6/coal shale, they have fracture toughness.8. The coal shale A,B layers were exfoliated to nanometer layers and randomly dispersed in the nylon6 .The coal shale C was reunite in the nylon6.更多还原