【作者】 周孜予；

【导师】 周玉华；

【作者基本信息】 东北林业大学 ， 环境与资源保护法学， 2005， 硕士

【摘要】 西方法学家认为:自由的历史基本上是奉行程序保障的历史,因此西方法律传统一直十分重视行政程序。迄今为止,世界上已经有64个国家颁布了专门的行政程序法典。行政程序法对于加快民主政治建设、保障公民权益、遏制权力腐败、提高行政效率、促进改革开放的重要作用在现代法治建设中越来越明显。但是,各国都没有制定环境行政程序法。而环境行政程序又具有特殊性,它往往与科技相关联,环境决策于未知,使环境行政程序具有风险性;环境保护涉及面广,每一个环境行政决策或行为都会涉及方方面面的利益,容易导致环境行政的困难和拖延;环境保护必须考虑代际公平,许多政策造成的后果是不可恢复的;环保执法具有很强的专业性。这些特殊性都决定了如果能够进行专业程序立法,就能在很大程度上保证环境行政机关的活动得以科学、合理、高效地完成。我国现阶段已经基本形成了一个比较完整的环境法体系,但环境法治不仅要求法律为环保部门的活动提供各种规则和标准,而且要求这些规则和标准能够得到切实的执行。同时,环境行政的特点和困难决定了环境行政实施正当法律程序的必要性。统一的环境行政程序法典能更好的规范行政主体行政职权的行使,控制行政权的滥用,提高相对人的法律意识,从而更好地保护行政相对人的权益,确保公民的环境权不受侵犯。本文就是在世界行政程序法典化的趋势下,结合我国环境法治建设的现状,提出了制定环境行政程序法,并对其涵义、立法理念、目标模式进行了系统的研究,根据其特点分析归纳了适合其发展的基本原则和基本制度并列举了主要的环境行政程序。一改我国“重实体,轻程序”的现状,将环境法治建设的重点转向了环境保护法律法规和规章的实施环节,这是环境行政程序领域的一大突破。更多还原

【Abstract】 It is thought by the western jurists that the history of liberty is basically a history of pursuing procedural guarantee. Therefore, the administrative procedure is much emphasized by the western legal tradition. So far, there are sixty-four countries in the world having promulgated the special administrative procedural code. The significant effect of administrative procedural law on speeding up the construction of democratic politics, guaranteeing the rights of citizens, stopping the corrupt of power, raising administrative efficiency, promoting reform and opening to the outside world is becoming more and more evident. But none of the countries has formulated environmental administrative law. The environmental administrative procedure has its particularities: It tends to be connected with science and technology; To protect environment is to make policy on the unknown, which risks great dangers; the environmental protection covers wide range, thus every environmental administrative policy or action will influence the benefits of all sides which may result in the difficulty or delay of environmental administration; In environmental protection, the equality between generations must be considered because many results of the policies can not be resumed; The environmental protection enforcement has specialties. All these particularities decide that if the legislation of special procedure is possible, it will be largely ensured that the activities of environmental administration can be completed scientifically, rationally and efficiently. At the present stage, our country has basically formed a relatively complete system of environmental law. But environmental ruling by law requires not only to provide regulations and criteria, but also to actually enforce them. Meanwhile, the characteristics and difficulties of the environmental administration decide that it is necessary for the environmental administration to enforce legitimate legal procedure. The unified environmental administrative procedural code can better standardize the exercising of administrative authority over the administrative subject, control the abuse of administrative authority, raising the legal consciousness of relative person, thus better protect the rights and benefits of a relative person, and ensure the environmental rights of citizen not to be infringe. This dissertation, in the trend of administrative procedure code codification in the world, concerning our country’s presence of environmental legislative construction, proposes to formulate environmental administrative law, and makes a systematic study of its implication, legislative idea, and target model. According to its characteristics, the dissertation analyzes and induces the basic principles which are appropriate for its development and lists the main environmental administrative procedures. To change our country’s presence of "Emphasizing substance, understating procedure", the dissertation suggests to shift the focus of environmental legislative construction to the enforcement of environmental protection legal rules and regulations, which is a breakthrough in the field of environmental administrative procedure.更多还原