新型尿液分析仪的研制

【作者】 程丽平；

【导师】 孙同景；

【作者基本信息】 山东大学 ， 控制理论与控制工程， 2005， 硕士

【摘要】 自动尿液分析系统能定量的给出病人尿样中PH值、亚硝酸盐、葡萄糖、蛋白质、隐血、酮体、胆红素、尿胆原、尿比重、白细胞、维生素C的含量,是医生做出正确诊断的一个很重要的依据。在我国广大的农村乡镇卫生医院,面对着人数众多的农村患者,由于缺少资金而无力购买能进行准确定量分析的尿样分析设备,一种可能使患者得不到及时有效的诊断而可能危及生命,另一种可能是医院失去大量的常见病患者,在经济上更无法独立,陷入恶性循环。正是鉴于这种情况,本文借鉴现有尿液分析仪的成功经验,立足于面向乡镇卫生医院,采用现代光学、电子、计算机等先进技术开发出了一种功能强,操作简单,检验准确,价格低廉,适应广大农村市场需求的尿液分析仪。 随着微计算机技术的高度发展和广泛应用,尿液分析仪的自动化程度得到迅速发展,由原来的半自动尿液分析仪发展成全自动尿液分析仪。检测装置由原来的光电二极管及其相应电路发展为CCD及其相应电路,光源由热光源发展为冷光源,试剂带传送装置由带槽式机构发展为转盘式机构,显示由LED显示发展为CRT显示,按键也发展为触摸屏。我们在消化吸收了一些仪器的先进工作方法和技术组合后,进行了自己的技术创新,利用反求工程技术方法,设计出了适合乡镇医院使用的尿液分析仪。该仪器采用高亮度冷光源、光电池检测、带槽式机构、LCD显示、按键、热敏微型打印机。 本设计采用Intel公司的80C196单片机为控制核心,论述了该系统的工作原理,采用超高亮度冷光源,进行了包括信号处理电路,步进电机控制,数据存储,LCD显示,热敏微型打印等硬件设计及包括数据分析在内的软件程序的设计。在数据处理中利用软件程序有效的去除了自然光的影响,采用归一化和自适应的数据处理方法大大提高了测量的精度。该仪器采用全中文操作菜单,能实时的显示和打印各种测试数据,还能通过串行口把数据送往微机。此外,还能进行各种错误状态下报警信息的显示、声控提示、测试数据的翻查等。该仪器适合8项、10项、11项试剂带,突破了一种尿液分析仪只能使用一种试剂带的限制。系统测试结果能够达到预期的要求。更多还原

【Abstract】 The urine analytic instrument can give the contents of PH, NIT, GLU, PRO, BLD, KET, URO, SG, LEU, VC in the urine in quantify. This can help the doctor diagnose correctly. There are a lot of patients in the town and suburb in our country. But there aren’t the rigid urine analytic instruments because they haven’t enough money. On one side the patients possibly lose their lives because of unfaithful and lingering diagnoses. On the other side the hospitals will lose many patients and will become more difficult in economy. So we adopt other’s successful experience, object the hospitals in the town and suburb, use the optical, electronic and computer advanced technology, develop a urine analytic instrument. It has many advantages, such as powerful function, easy manipulation, measured result, the low price. It is fit for the town hospital’s requirement.With the highly development and widely use of microcomputer, the urine analytic instrument develops quickly, it has become full automatic instrument. CCD replaces photoelectric diode, gelid lamp-house replaces thermic lamp-house, CRT replaces LED, touch screen replaces keystroke. We studied many advanced working methods and technology of others, made some innovation, designed this urine analytic instrument. It adopts exceeded luminosity lamp-house, electric eye sensor, slot transfer machine, LCD, keystroke, minitype.In the dissertation we use 80C196 single-chip computer as nucleus. The paper introduces the test principle of the system, carries out the hardware design such as the signal processing circuit, stepping-motor control circuit, LCD and minitype, and the software design including data analysis. In the data processing we eliminate the affection of environment light used software program and improve the precision used the special data processing method. This instrument uses full-Chinese menu, can display and print the test data in real time, it also can transmit data to the epigyny computer through serial interface. Furthermore, it can display all kinds of error information and look up test data one by one. It can be used to three kinds of test paper which surmount the limit that one urine analytic instrument only can be used toone test paper. It has been proved by system test that this system can reach the expectant aim.更多还原