降水入渗量分析方法研究

【作者】 张庆国；

【导师】 曹升乐；

【作者基本信息】 山东大学 ， 水工结构工程， 2005， 硕士

【摘要】 水资源短缺是人类在21世纪所面临的最大的难题之一,是一个全球性的问题。我国是水资源相当贫乏的国家之一,水对农业和整个国民经济的发展具有特别重要的意义。研究雨水入渗、提高雨水的入渗效率是充分利用洪水资源,增加地下水补给量的重要途径。进而是缓解水资源危机,保护人类生存环境,促进社会经济发展的重要手段。特别是在山丘区,增加降水入渗是一个非常重要的问题。本课题就是要通过理论研究,找出雨水高效入渗和利用的影响因素,构建降水入渗模型,进行降水入渗参数率定,计算降水入渗量。 一般来讲,山区是由几种不同地层出露组成的山丘区域。不同地层分布是影响当地降水入渗补给系数的决定因素。本文对研究区按有水文站控制的区域进行区域划分,对各分区进行了降水、径流、基流的计算研究,并按逆演算法得出各区的地下水补给过程。在此基础上,建立流域平均降水入渗补给系数与各种地层出露面积占流域总面积权重间的最佳回归方程,利用该回归方程和地层分布及降水量就可推求山丘区不同地下水流域的降水入渗补给量。利用求得的研究区降水入渗补给系数的公式对部分流域的降水入渗补给量进行了计算,并用依据实测径流资料所推求的地下水补给量进行核验,证明研究成果实用、可靠。同时,选择了一个流域,根据降水、径流实测资料,通过建立模型,分析了有关入渗参数。更多还原

【Abstract】 The shortage of water resources will be become a global problem for human being in 21 century. China is one of the countries which water resources is much short, so Water resources is very important to China. Studying precipitation infiltration and raising precipitation efficiency are very important approaches for better using flood water and recharging ground water. I other words, it can alleviate water resources crisis, protect living environment of human beings for promoting social-economic. Special in the mountain area, raising precipitation infiltration is much important. The paper finds out the factors of precipitation infiltration efficient and utilize constructs model of precipitating infiltration calculates precipitation infiltration coefficient and precipitation infiltration amount by theory study.The distribution of different stratum is the key to affect the precipitation infiltration coefficient. The paper firstly calculates the precipitation, runoff and base flow for different hydrologic divisions. The groundwater recharge process is calculated by inverse operation method. Then, the best regression equation is obtained which are the coefficient of precipitation infiltration and the weights of the different stratum area to the total area of the catchment. Finally, the equation is applicated to research area. The results show that the method is suitable and reliable for the ground water recharge calculation in mountain area.更多还原