基于GPRS网络移动目标实时监控系统的关键技术研究

【作者】 蔡成森；

【导师】 邢建平；

【作者基本信息】 山东大学 ， 信号与信息处理， 2005， 硕士

【摘要】 移动目标监控调度系统(Mobile Monitoring System,简称MMS),就是利用一定的空间定位技术手段,通过一定的通讯方式,将定位数据以及有关控制信息传送到监控中心,在电子地图上显示移动目标的实时位置和周围环境信息,并对其调度的系统。MMS可以广泛地应用于公安、交通、运输、金融、铁路、旅游等部门,有着广阔的应用前景、巨大的社会效益和经济效益。 本文以车辆监控系统为例对移动目标监控系统关键技术进行了深入的探讨,并从软件工程的角度在系统总体功能、详细设计、集成与测试等方面进行了细致的分析,对监控中心软件设计中需要解决的问题进行了阐述,无论在理论上还是工程实践中都有可借鉴的价值。 移动目标监控系统中各项关键技术的应用和改进都是为了提高定位的准确性和实时性,这样才能做到有效监控。本文基于定位准确性要求对各种定位方式进行了研究,对GPS定位原理进行了详细的说明,分析了GPS接收机使用的通用协议NMEA0183。应用路径匹配算法将移动目标准确地投影到电子地图上。基于目标监控的实时性要求,对常见的数据传输方式进行了比较,分析了GPRS网的特点和优势,确定了无线通信方式的选型。 电子地图是监控系统的基础,本文分析了电子地图的数据结构,提出电子地图数据采集与处理的方法,将纸质地图数据采集和利用GPS采集地图数据相结合,非常适合于用户的个性化要求。 路径优化是实现快捷运输的关键,本文对城市道路网的最短路径分析进行了研究和验证,提出应用Dantzig算法进行最短路径分析的解决方案。应用图论理论对道路网进行拓朴表示,并构建了济南二环以内的主要路段的拓朴结构,应用具体数据进行了测试,结果证明响应速度和分析效率满足运输企业的调度要求。 上述关键技术的使用保证了系统定位准确、通讯网络覆盖广、使用费用低廉、系统操作灵活直观。 本系统分为车载子系统、通信子系统、监控子系统三个部分,车载子系统每隔一定的时间间隔,通过GPS模块,接收GPS位置信息和状态信息,并进行编码,通过通信子系统发送给监控中心。监控中心子系统获取从车载子系统传来的数据,更多还原

【Abstract】 Mobile Monitoring System, also called MMS, is a system which gets location data by means of positioning technique, transfers these data and related control information in a certain communication way and displays the real-time locations of dynamic targets and environmental information on monitor with electronic map. MMS can be widely used in such fields as public security, communication, transportation, finance, railway and tourism. MMS has wide application prospect, enormous social returns and economic benefits.Taking Vehicle Monitoring System as a good example of MMS, this paper further studied the key techniques of MMS. From the viewpoint of software engineering, the total functions, detailed design, test and integration of the system are carefully analyzed. And the problems in software design are also explained. This system offers useful references for designing monitoring center whether in theory or in practice.The application and improvement of these key techniques is to enforce the positioning precision and real time of targets and realize efficient monitoring. This paper researches various positioning ways, illustrates the principle of GPS and analyses the general protocol of GPS receiver— NMEA0183. Applying map-matching algorithm, the target is accurately projected to the right position on an electronic map. On the basis of demand for real time, compared with usual methods of data transmission, the features and advantages are analyzed and GPRS is chosen as the final communication way.This paper studies the data structure of electronic map (the base of monitoring system) and gives a practical method of data collection and processing from papery maps and GPS receivers. It is well suitable for user’s personal purposes.Route optimizing is the key of fast transportation. This paper studies the key techniques of shortest path analysis of city road network, and then puts forward a practical and efficient realization of shortest path analysis based on Dantzig algorithm. The road network is represented in topology according to graph theory and the topological structure of around second-ring road in Jinan is also built. The experimental result proves that the response rate and analysis efficiency of this algorithm can meet the requirements of transportation enterprises.These key techniques discussed above ensure the system’s precise position,low-fee and flexibility.The system consists of three parts: vehicle terminal, communication system and monitoring center. Vehicle terminal receives positioning data and state information and code with watching information according to the user-defined protocol, transfers them to monitoring center through communication system. Monitoring center decodes these data and displays the target on the monitor. It can also query, manage and maintain database, send control code to vehicle terminal and modify the parameters. During six months’ tests, the whole system runs well and meets the requirements.Information platform for Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) is a real-time, dynamic and intelligent traffic information system supporting multi-media, which includes collection, integration and treatment, and issue of traffic information. This platform should be based on the infrastructure and provide information service for society. This paper also discusses the reference value of MMS and gives proposals on the future research.更多还原