矿山三维开拓系统的研究

【作者】 蔡寅峰；

【导师】 郭忠林；

【作者基本信息】 昆明理工大学 ， 采矿工程， 2005， 硕士

【摘要】 地球空间信息科学是对地球空间信息进行采集、量测、分析、存储、管理、显示及传播的一门科学。它以卫星定位(GPS)及其他常规数据获取技术、遥感(RS)技术及地理信息系统(GIS)技术为主要内容,并以计算机及通信技术为主要支撑的一门综合性的科学。 GIS作为地球空间信息科学的一个重要组成部分,已经在各行各业中得到了广泛的应用。但是由于现有GIS工具在处理三维问题上的不足,使得GIS在矿山和地质领域上的应用受到了很大的限制,特别是针对地下三维物体的模拟和表达,虽然可以用数字高程模型(DEM)来处理,但它其实是把高程坐标当作一种属性,而无法建立空间实体的三维拓扑关系,使得很多真三维操作难以实现,因此人们将现有的GIS称为二维GIS或2.5维GIS。 在矿业领域,随着“数字地球”的提出而提出了“数字矿山”的概念,众多专家学者围绕矿山工程、矿床地质和工程地质问题,对3D GIS的空间构模问题进行了卓有成效的理论与技术研究。加拿大、澳大利亚、英国、南非等国还相继推出了一批在矿山和工程地质领域得到推广的3D GIS软件。但迄今为止,国际上还未开发出一个可以真正称为3D的GIS系统(或称为真3D GIS,Real 3D GIS)。3D GIS的理论与产品都尚处于探讨和实验阶段。 本文从矿山开拓系统出发,针对某矿山开拓系统的三维空间坐标,首先分析了建立三维模型的关键技术、模型建立的环境等;接着分析了三维坐标的数据结构,在巷道的底面生成四边形,构成面片,在此基础上采用“拼凑法”建立矿山开拓系统的三维模型。本文采用可视化编程语言VC++6.0利图形标准OpenGL进行程序编制。结合某矿山的具体情况,本文论述了从数据采集、三维建模、纹理映射、模型可视化到三维漫游等一个完整的过程。更多还原

【Abstract】 Earth Spatial Information Science is a technology of collection survey analogy management display and transmission for earth spatial information. The chief content is GPS, gaining common data, RS and GIS. And it is a comprehension science which is supported by computer and communication technology.GIS, as an important part of Earth Spatial Information Science, has gotten wide application in all aspects. However, because of the short of present GIS tool in tackling with 3-dimension which limits the application of GIS in the field of mine and geology, especially the simulation and expression of under-earth 3-demension objects. Though it can be tackled by DEM, in face, it regards the coordinate of elevation as an attribute; they can’t build the 3-dimension topology of spatial objects. It’s difficult to operate the GIS in a real 3D environment. So people call the GIS and 2D GIS or 2.5D GIS. In the field of mine, many experts come up with the concept of "digital mine" with the development of "digital earth". They engage in the successful theory and technological search about the special model of 3D GIS. Canada, Australia, England, South Africa and some other countries ongoing design a series of 3D GIS software in mine and engineering geology. But up to now, a system called real 3D GIS hasn’t been opened international yet. The theories and products of 3D GIS are still in the trial stage.The paper will first analyze the important technology an environment of 3D model, which is used in the development system of mine and 3D spatial coordinate of a mine. According to the special problems of the development system, the paper uses VC ++6.0 and OpenGL to write programs. Then it analyzes the data structure of 3D coordinate and how to product rectangle at the bottom of drift to compose face, using "splice method" to build the 3D express of the development system of mine on tin-base. With the concrete problems of a mine, the paper discussed the whole process form collecting data, building model, texture representation, visual model to wander.更多还原