昆明市滑坡泥石流分布规律及成因

【作者】 张云霞；

【导师】 宋焕斌；

【作者基本信息】 昆明理工大学 ， 矿产普查与勘探， 2005， 硕士

【摘要】 昆明市为低纬度山地高原地区,山地面积约占85%,地形陡峻、切割破碎、岩性复杂、构造多变、地震频繁、降水集中,地质环境脆弱,近年来,随着国民经济持续的高速发展,人类工程活动加强,如高速公路、铁路隧道、水利电力工程等,导致了地质灾害频发复发并有加剧的趋势。昆明市地质灾害种类繁多,其中以滑坡泥石流危害最大,威胁着城镇、村寨、交通、矿山、水利水电工程及农田等,制约了昆明市社会经济的可持续发展,因此查清地质灾害类型特点,掌握其分布规律,进行风险性分区。 通过野外地质灾害点的调查,资料收集分析整理,并结合数据统计分析,从滑坡、泥石流的地质环境入手,系统分析了发生滑坡泥石流的条件;详细阐述了各类地质灾害的类型特点,得出昆明市滑坡主要以土质滑坡为主,广泛分布于全区,泥石流以沟谷型泥石流为主,破坏性极大。 以GIS软件为技术平台,利用GIS技术空间分析、制图、可视化的功能,结合环境地质条件研究,以敏感因子分析方法为基础,对昆明市地质灾害风险进行科学合理的区划,并将所收集的滑坡泥石流灾害点与地形地貌、构造、地层岩性、地震、水系流域等图件进行叠加,总结分析得出影响昆明市滑坡泥石流分布规律的若干因素,构造是影响昆明市滑坡泥石流分布的主要因素,人类活动、地震、降雨为其诱发因素。最后根据“以人为本”的原则,在地质灾害危险性区划的基础上,以点位重要性为依据,结合滑坡泥石流的发育特征、危害程度,对地质灾害发生有针对性的提出防治对策。 综上,本文的研究工作对昆明市预防、减轻、避免自然灾害的发生具有及其重要的现实意义,以空间区划为基础,为减轻和防治昆明市地质灾害提供了重要的基础资料和科学依据。更多还原

【Abstract】 Kunming is naturally a mountainous city. Because of its special geological position and diversified landforms, Kunming is one of the most geologic harzard-prone regions in Yunnan.In rencent years, as the construction of mountain regions is accelerated, some disasters take place frequently, such these as landslide, collapsing, mud-rock flow, karst collapsing, surface subsidence, ground crack, etc. According to the investigation of geological disaster, we believe that the main geoglogical disasters in Kunming are debris flow, landslip and collapse. These events seriously threaten the security of lives and properties of the people in the mountainous regions and influence the harmonious development of economic construction.In this paper, it systematically discusses the characteristics of development and distribution, and the forming conditions and mechanisms of the geoglogical hazards in Kunming with methods such as geological field investigation, data processing and so on. The thesis analyses the geological reasons from the forming condition of debris flow and landslip, meanwhile it thesis analyses the geological settings of the geological disaster growth and draws a summary of the geographical conditions, geological conditions and mankind activity conditions which are likely to bring out the geological disaster. Based on Analytical Hierarchy Precess, sum up the geological disaster and the space-time distribution characteristics of the geological disaster in Kunming, And analyses systemically many reasons which influence the space-time distribution of Kunming;To sum up, according to the people-oriented principle, based on the zoning of the geological hazard risks, combined with the development characteristics of the geological hazard and the danger degree, it zones Kunming City in some aspects of geological hazard prevention and control base on the occurrence probability and necessary.更多还原