【作者】 顾春华；

【导师】 云志；

【作者基本信息】 南京工业大学 ， 化学工程， 2005， 硕士

【摘要】 金属间化合物具有许多独特的性质,诸如优异的力学性能、催化性能、化学稳定性等。不少金属间化合物作为新的功能材料和结构材料正在被开发和应用,对现代科学技术的进步起着越来越大的推动作用。金属间化合物已成为新材料研究中一个引人注目的重要领域。而SbSn 金属间化合物以其独特的脱硫、脱重金属,并可以降低石油中的重质组分调节石油组成的性能格外引人注意。本文工作的目的是:制备SbSn 金属间化合物,并利用这种自行制备的材料对石油进行处理,企图降低石油中的沥青质含量,进而改善油品的质量。本文分别采用熔炼法和机械合金化制备得到了SbSn 金属间化合物,并分别对模拟体系和石油进行了脱沥青质试验,考察了影响脱沥青质的有关因素,同时也进行了石油脱硫与脱重金属元素镍、钒的试验。在此基础上,初步探讨了SbSn 金属间化合物脱硫、脱镍、钒的机理,研究了使用过的SbSn 金属间化合物的清洗方法。本文工作的结果表明: (1) 在其他条件相同的情况下,由熔炼法中采用快速冷却制备的SbSn 金属间化合物脱除模拟体系中沥青质的效果明显优于缓慢冷却制备的SbSn。通过比较熔炼法和机械合金化两种不同制备方法得到SbSn 金属间化合物在模拟体系下的脱沥青质效果,发现由熔炼法并经快速冷却制备的SbSn 脱沥青质效果好于机械合金化制备的SbSn。(2) 采用不同性质的表面活性剂配制石油乳状液,加入熔炼法并经快速冷却制备的SbSn 金属间化合物进行脱石油沥青质实验,当表面活性剂为油包水型乳化剂时有明显的脱沥青质效果。通过不同油水比例、表面活性剂含量的条件下进行的石油脱沥青质实验,当油包水型表面活性剂含量在0.1%～0.2%之间,水含量在35%～40%左右时石油中的沥青质含量可以下降20%左右。(3) 在常温常压下,石油乳状液经SbSn 金属间化合物处理后,能脱除15%左右的硫,60%以上的镍和钒。并初步探讨了SbSn 金属间化合物脱硫、脱镍和钒的机理:沥青质在SbSn 金属间化合物的作用下,沥青质分子中的硫、有机金属原子镍和钒与SbSn 表面活性点相结合,在转动力或振动力更多还原

【Abstract】 Intermetallic compounds have many outstanding properties, such as mechanics properties, catalytic properties and chemical stability, so there are more and more intermetallic compounds being developed and applied as new functional materials and structural materials. It will impel modern science and technology greatly. Now the research of intermetallic compound has become an important part of the new material field. Especially it is found that the intermetallic SbSn has the properties which can lower the amount of sulfur compounds, heavy metals, and asphaltene contained in petroleum. This study was based upon the research to lower the amount of asphaltene in petroleum for upgrading. The study in this paper include the preparation of intermetallic SbSn synthesized using smelting and mechanical alloying, then research on the reduction of asphaltene, the analysis of the content of sulfur and heavy metal nickel and vanadium after reduction of asphaltene by intermetallic SbSn. At the same time, the mechanism of removal of sulfur, nickel and vanadium by intermetallic SbSn was discussed. The paper also researched on the cleaning of intermetallic SbSn. The results showed that: (1) Under the same experiment condition, the result of experiment showed that the intermetallic SbSn smelted combined with fast cooling was superior to the intermetallic SbSn smelted combined with slowly cooling to reduce asphaltene contained in simulated system. The intermetallic SbSn smelted with fast cooling also was superior to the intermetallc SbSn synthesized by using mechanical alloying to reduce asphaltene contained in simulated system. (2) The experiments of reduction of asphaltene from petroleum by intermetallic SbSn smelted combined with fast cooling were carried out. The factors including surfactant and the content of water in the emulsified oil which effect on the result of reduction of asphaltene were studied. The asphaltene could be reduced 20% by intermetallic SbSn with fast cooling when the petroleum was emulsified by a water-in-oil surfactant. The content of the surfactant was 0.1%~0.2% and the water of the emulsion was 35%~40%. (3) The petroleum which reduced of asphaltene by intermetallic SbSn was found that the heavy metal nickel and vanadium was reduced more than 60%, the concentration of sulfur was reduced about 15% under normal temperature and pressure. Mechanism of removal of sulfur nickel and vanadium by intermetallic SbSn was proposed: sulfur and organometallic in the molecule of asphaltene being adsorbed on the defect sites of intermetallic SbSn surface in nanoscale region. The bonds between sulfur, organometallic and asphaltene will be broken by vibrational or rotational force for destruction. At the same time, the structure of asphaltene will be broken. (4) Intermetallic SbSn could be regenerated through cleaning with toluene. The active sites of intermetallic surface could be mostly recovered.更多还原