【作者】 杨旭；

【导师】 丁炳扬；

【作者基本信息】 浙江大学 ， 植物学， 2005， 硕士

【摘要】 白豆杉(Pseudtaxus chienii(Cheng)Cheng)为我国特有的二级保护植 物,凤阳山自然保护区为其集中分布地之一,本文通过样方调查及种群生态学的 方法,对白豆杉种群的大小级结构、分布格局及所在群落的群落特征、物种多样 性、种间联结和种群生态位进行了研究。结果表明: 白豆杉种群可生长在针阔叶混交林中的福建柏—猴头杜鹃群落、矮曲林中的 猴头杜鹃群落、以及常绿阔叶林中,三类群落中共有维管植物59科104属160 种(含变种),其中蕨类植物5科6属8种,裸子植物4科7属8种,被子植物 49科88属142种。区系成分复杂,大部分属于温带和热带分布类型,其中温带 类型占总属数的63.16%,热带类型占46.84%。 白豆杉种群在福建柏—猴头杜鹃林和猴头杜鹃矮林中生长较为良好,其重要 值分别可以达到5～10%。在猴头杜鹃矮林中,大小级为增长型,存活曲线为 Deevy—I型,种群将得到长期发展;在福建柏—猴头杜鹃林中,虽然大小级为衰 退型,存活益线为Deevy—III型,但由于幼苗储备量较为丰富,在一定时期内还 将保持稳定,在这两类群落类型中,种群呈现集群分布。在常绿阔叶林中,白豆 杉的重要值只有0.9%,并且种群大小级为衰退型,存活曲线为Deevy—1I型,分 布格局为随机分布,说明常绿阔叶林不适合白豆杉种群的生长。 此外,凤阳山白豆杉分布的群落中常绿阔叶林的物种丰富度指数显著高于矮 曲林和针阔叶混交林,优势度和多样性指数则是常绿阔叶林>猴头矮曲林>针阔 叶混交林。在群落的垂直结构中,各多样性指数一般表现为灌木层>乔木层>草 本层。 采用种问共同出现百分率(PC)和联结系数(AC)指标,分析白豆杉群落主 要乔木树种和灌木种类的种间联结性。结果表明:在乔木层中,白豆杉与尾叶冬 青、麂角杜鹃、木荷具有一定的正联结,与其余树种间联结性很低,基本上趋于 独立出现:灌木层中,白豆杉与福建柏、光叶铁仔、四川山矾等有明显的正联结, 与秀丽野海棠、多脉青冈、凸脉冬青、木荷等有明显的负联结。 最后通过Shannon-wiener生态位计测公式和对称a法(Pianka公式)对白豆 杉群落的样方调查数据进行分析。从白豆杉群落各物种的生态位宽度可知,三个 群落类型各树种的生态位宽度有较大区别。在群落中褐叶青冈、木荷、猴头杜鹃更多还原

【Abstract】 Pseudotaxus chienii (Cheng) Cheng, an endemic plant in China, is one of the secondary state protection wild plants, and distributes in Fengyangshan Nature Reserve as one of its concentrative dwelling places. Community survey was carried out on 10 conmunities, which were dominated by P. chienii in the region. The community characteristics, size structure, spatial distribution pattern, species richness, interspecific associations and the niche features were analyzed in the article. The results showed as the followings:The populations of P. chienii could grow in the communities as dominated by Rhododendron simiarum, Fokienia hodginsii -R. simiarum and evergreen broad-leaved forests. When analysing flora and species diversity. There were 59 families, 104 genera and 160 species, including 5 families, 6 genera and 8 species of peridophyte, 4 families, 7 genera and 8 species of gymnosperme, 49 families, 88 genera and 160 species of angiospermae. The floristicelements were complex, and the total of tropical distribution type amounted to 46.84 %.In the R. simiarum communities, the size structure, the survival curve and the overwhelming community distribution pattern of P. chienii showed a sustaining development. In the communities dominated by F. hodginsii—R. simiarum, albeit the size structure was declining, the survival curve was Deevy-III type. Plenty of seedlings were still existed, and the population could keep steady. This two types were considered to be the most suitable ones for the P. chienii population. The important value of it reached 5-10%. While in the evergreen broad-leaved forests, the population of P. chienii showed to be a declining type, and the survival curve was Deevy-II type. The distribution pattern was random, which indicated that the P. chienii population would not fit for survive in this kind of communities. It was concluded that P. chienii might associate to the habit that the canopydensities of the communities were about 0.6-0.8.As the species richness, the index showed that the evergreen broad-leaved forests were much larger than broad-leaved and coniferous mixed forests and dwarf forests, while as the Simpson index and Shannon index, the indexes were evergreen broad-leaved forests > broad-leaved and coniferous mixed forests > dwarf forests. In the vertical structure of community, each index showed that shrub layer) tree layer>herb layer.Based on percentage of co-occurrence (PC) and association coefficient (AC), the interspecific associations of main tree and shrub populations in P. chienii communities were analyzed. The result showed that the interspecific association was not obviously correlative in most of the species-pair. In the tree stratum, P. chienii had some positive association with Schima superba, Ilexwilsonii , Rhododendron latoucheae and soon. In the shrub stratum, P. chienii had some positive association with Fokienia hodginsii , Mirsine stolonifera , Symplocos setchuensis , Eleutherococcus evodiaefolius, while obviously negative association with Cyclobalanopsis multinervis , Ilex editicostata , Schima superba.Finally we used niche breadth (Shannon-Winner coefficient) and niche overlap (Pianka coefficient), niche features of dominant species in P. chienii communities were reported in this paper. The result showed that there were much difference between the niche breadth in the three types of the communities. The niche breadth of Cyclobalanopsis stewardiana, Schima superba, Rhododendron simiarum were large, while the niche of breadth Viburnum sympodiale, Acanihopanax evodiaefolius, Pieris japonica were much small. P. chienii occupied the niche breadth about 7to 12 in the communities. The niche overlap between P. chienii and other populations was not large at all. Some populations which had relatively larger niche overlap with P. chienii always located in the substrate of the arbor, and mainly of them were shrub and little arbor.From the results that have been above-mentioned, the population of P. chieniimust be able to sustain and develop, unless the existing habitat in Fengyangshan would be protected effectively. The protection of P. chienii requires more basic work in order to establish efficient measure to protect the habitat of the population.更多还原