【作者】 赵刚；

【导师】 陈存及；

【作者基本信息】 福建农林大学 ， 森林培育， 2005， 硕士

【摘要】 福建省樟树资源十分丰富,具有巨大的开发潜力,但鉴于资源的野生性和开发技术的落后性,严重阻碍这种优势的发挥。针对这种现状,欲使樟树资源开发和樟油的利用跃上一个新的台阶,必须选择单一纯生化型的优良植株作为繁殖母本,研究无性繁殖(组织培养)育苗方法,人工营造樟树香料林。通过矮林作业,一次性就可生产出高纯度的芳樟醇、樟脑、按叶油素等精油产品。 在福建省收集了大量的樟油资料进行分析。福建省得天独厚的地理和气候条件,非常适合樟树工业原料林的培育。通过对福建进行大范围的调查,并选择其中的樟树精油进行气相色谱分析,发现全省樟树樟油中含有非常丰富的精油成分。主要成分为芳樟醇、桉叶油素、樟脑、黄樟油素、a-蒎烯等等,并发现在精油资源中,市场利用价值高的芳樟醇的含量占有很大的优势,但是单株含量的变异较大。 应用气相色谱仪进行精确测量,并结合气相图谱和专家意见,确定了福建省樟树樟油中的8种成分:莰烯、蒎烯、桉叶油素、芳樟醇、樟脑、萜品烯、橙花醇和黄樟油素。应用主成分分析法提取了4个主成分支配上述8个化学成分。第一主成分中莰烯、桉叶油素和蒎烯占有较大的负荷系数,第二主成分中萜品烯和橙花醇占有较大的负荷系数,第三主成分中黄樟油素占有较大的负荷系数,第四主成分中樟脑占有较大的负荷系数。 根据芳樟醇、桉叶油素、黄樟油素和樟脑的实际含量的排序,Between-groupslinkage组间连接聚类方法和欧氏距离平方测度距离法的聚类结果,将樟树分为四种生化类型:芳樟醇型、桉叶油素型、樟脑型和黄樟油素型。分别将聚为这四类的樟树简称为芳樟、桉樟、脑樟樟和黄樟。结合505组气相色谱分析表,可以得到:桉樟34株,芳樟425株,脑樟10株,黄樟19株。 分类的目的是选择优良的樟树单株。优良单株选择的数据基础是聚类分析的结果和505组樟油气相色谱分析表,主要考虑的因素有得油率和目的优树主要精油成分的含有率。根据选优过程,首先根据四种精油成分含量的平均值x|-和标准差s拟定分级水平,将桉叶油素>60%,芳樟醇>80%,樟脑>75%和黄樟油素>60%定为高水平,而后又按含量划分了中、低和极低水平。 在分级标准的基础上,考虑了樟油得油率的因素,选择出每种樟树类型的优良单株。桉樟以得油率与桉叶油素含有率的乘积=118为优良单株的选择条件,选择油樟U14、4、油樟U6、油樟U2、126#和47#共六株为桉樟优良单株。芳樟优树按芳樟醇含量大于等于95%,樟脑含量小于等于0.5%。初选也120#、187#、195#、209#、这P1、P13、P14、P15、P16和P2共11株为芳樟单株。脑樟优良单株的选择标准为脑樟得油率与樟脑含有率的乘积=100,选择了优良脑樟单株永安28、242、80和顺昌7。黄樟优良单株的选择标准为黄樟得油率与黄樟油素的含有率的乘积=37,优良黄樟优良单株为漳州1号、厦门02和厦门01。 还研究了福建省樟油资源的地理分布和月份分配规律。从得油率、芳樟醇含量和芳樟株数三方面考虑,在J3和W1、W3的交叉区域,芳樟醇的含量和芳樟的株数占有率均较高。在J2和W3分区交叉的区域可以选择优良的桉樟单株。在J2和W2、W3分区交叉的区域可以选择优良的脑樟。在J4和W6分区交叉的区域可以选择优良更多还原

【Abstract】 There is tremendous preponderance in the essential oil resources of Cinnamomum camphora (L) in Fujian province, China. But because the resources uncultivated quality and the primordial exploitation bring it disadvantage seriously. In view of the situation, if we want to come into a new phase in exploiting camphor oil, we must choose the unmixed biochemical plant as the matrix, and research the asexual reproduce means(culturing tissue) and build artifical camphor woods. By means of the brushwood management, we can produce the highly pure linalool、 camphors cineol and other essential contents-Large numbers of camphor tree essential oil in Fujian province is gathered and analyzed. The advantaged geography and climate condition is very fit for breeding the woods for the essential oil of camphor tree.There are very rich resources of essential oil in the camphor tree in Fujian province, after analyzing the component of the essential oil by the gas chromatography in the whole province. The essential oil includes linalool、 cineol、 camphor、 safrole、 a-pinene and so on. I also found that the high value linalool dominates in the essential oil in Fujian province, but the content variation of single plant is great.Eight kinds of elements in essential oil in the camphor tree in Fujian province are confirmed: camphene、 a-pinene、 cineol、 linalooK camphor、 terpinene、 nerol and safrole, with the help of gas chromatogram machine and the expert advice. By the primary component analysis, Four primary components to govern above-mentioned 8 chemicals are distilled. The camphene、 cineol、 and a-pinene burden larger loading factors in the first main component. The terpinene and nerol burden larger loading factors in the second main component, safrole burden larger loading factors in the third main component. The camphor burdens larger loading factors in the forth main component.The essential oil of camphor tree in Fujian province is quantitatively evaluated, through the primary component analysis. After gotten scores on each primary component, the clustering analysis is made. The between-groups linkage clustering method and the squared Euclidean distance are adopted in the process of the clustering analysis. According to 505 groups of gas chromatography analysis table, The Fujian camphor tree is divided into four biochemical types: the linalool types the cineol type、 the camphor type and the salrole type, separately calling the four types of tree as the linalool tree、 the cineol tree、 the camphor tree and the safrole tree. The clustering result is 34 cineol trees、 425 linalool trees 、 10 camphor trees and 19 safrole trees .The aim of clustering is to choose excellent camphor trees. The result of clustering and 505 groups of gas chromatography analysis table is the database of choosing the excellent camphor trees. On the basis of choosing the excellent camphor trees, according the average content and standard deviation of each enssential oil, the classification standard is made. The exceedingly high level: cineol content>60%, linalool content>80%,camphor content>75%,and safrole>60%. Then I made the average.low andexceedingly low levels.On the basis of the hierarchical standard, considering the oil content rate, the excellent trees are selected on each camphor tree essential oil. When selecting the excellent cineol tree, the standard is the oil content rate and cineol containing rate=118. Selecting 6 trees: U14,4, U6, U2, 126, 47. When selecting the excellent linalool tree, according the rate linalool containing rate=95% and the camphor containing rate=O.6%, selected 11 trees: 120, 187, 195, 209, Puchengl, Puchengl3, Puchengl4, Puchengl5, Puchengl6, Pucheng2. When selecting excellent camphor trees, the product of the oil content rate and the camphor containing rate=100, selected 4 trees: Yong’an28, 242, 80, Shunchang7. When selecting the excellent safrole tree, according the product of the oil content rate and the safrole containing rate=37, selected 3 trees: Zhangzhoul, Xiamen2, Xiamenl.The geographical distribution and monthly distribution of the essential oil of camphor tree is reviewed in Fujian province. Considering the oil contentrate, the essence containing rate and the percentage of the specific essence in the each essential spices, the oil yield and the linalool percentage of the linalool spices both are bigger in the cross area of J3 and Wl > W3. We can exceedingly probably select the excellent cineol spices in the cross area of J2 and W3, the excellent camphor spices in the cross area of J2 and W2> W3, the excellent safrole tree in the cross area of J4 and W6.By means of analyzing the monthly distribution of the camphor tree’s essence, we can come into the conclusion that we can get the largest linalool harvest yield on May or July without regarding to the biomass factor, and the largest cineol harvest yield on April and the largest camphor harvest yield on May .更多还原