【作者】 李恩福；

【导师】 陈维振；

【作者基本信息】 福建师范大学 ， 英语语言文学， 2005， 硕士

【摘要】 本文旨在对乔姆斯基语言学理论发展史进行一定的归纳研究。 诺姆·乔姆斯基于1957年出版了《句法结构》(SyntacticStructures)一书,揭开了“乔姆斯基革命”的序幕。乔姆斯基学说产生20世纪50年代中期,而当时美国最流行的是结构主义的描写语言学。乔姆斯基以创新的精神提出了“转换生成语法(Transformational Generative Grammar,简称TG)”。(Chomsky,1957)他认为生成语法是以具体语言为出发点,从而探索语言的普遍规律,达到最终弄清人的认知系统、思维规律和人的本质属性的目的,由此引发了一场影响深远的语言学革命。乔姆斯基的TG理论处于不断的变化与修改之中,发展至今,已大致经历了古典理论、标准理论、扩展的标准理论、管约理论和最简方案理论等五个阶段。 50年代,作为一家之说,乔姆斯基并未引起语法学界足够的重视。但从60年代开始,随着普遍语法理论模式的不断完善和明晰化,乔姆斯基理论逐渐成为语法学界的主流学派之一。“管辖与约束模式”提出后,其研究在80年代中期出现了高潮。但如今乔姆斯基理论学派中也分离出了一些“离经叛道”者,正如当初乔姆斯基同布龙菲尔德学派分道扬镳一样。现在的乔姆斯基理论研究己进入了相对平静的时期。虽有发展,但许多问题仍是悬而未决,其语法模式愈加抽象化,人们对它的理解也愈加困难。曲高和寡,这大概是研究乔姆斯基理论的人数下降的一个原因。但无论怎样,乔姆斯基理论一直是语言学界不可忽视的学说,其生命力来源于不断的自我否定与自我完善。更多还原

【Abstract】 The publication of Noam Chomsky’s Syntactic Structures in 1957 marks the beginning of "Chomskyan Revolution", which has had a far-reaching impact on the field of linguistics. Chomsky has revealed the amazing complexity of human languages but at the same time has provided striking evidence that there is really only one language, and that it is innate. In the late 1950s, Chomsky put forth his Transformational Grammar (i.e. TG) in an innovative way when the structuralist’s descriptive linguistics was reaching the height of its fame and prosperity. Generally, Chomsky’s linguistic theory has undergone the five significant periods of Classical Theory, Standard Theory, Extended Standard Theory, Government and Binding Theory and Minimalist Programme, which are symptomatic of the evolution in Chomsky’s thought.As a personal perspective, Chomsky’s theory in the 1950s failed to draw the attention of the linguists in the field of linguistics. However, with the gradual improvement and crystallization of Chomsky’s Universal Grammar from 1960s, Chomsky’s linguistic theory came to be recognized as one of the main schools of linguistic field. And in the mid 1980s, after the proposal of Government and Binding Theory, the discussion of Chomskyan theory reached its peak. But just as Chomsky parted with the former dominant Bloomfieldian school in which Chomsky was trained and against which he reacted in due course, he himself also has some radical dissidents going their own way. In some sense, today’s study of Chomsky’s theory has entered into a stable though not so exciting period in which many problems are yet to be solved. His grammar model has become more abstract than before and thus more and more difficult for people to understand. Maybe this is the reason why the numbers of people studying Chomsky’s theory is on the decline. Whatever the reason, it is a doubtless fact that Chomsky’s linguistic theory has succeeded in becoming an influential and meaningful one whose power derives from its self-negation, self-modification and self-improvement.更多还原