【作者】 柳士江；

【导师】 陈根余；

【作者基本信息】 湖南大学 ， 机械电子工程， 2005， 硕士

【摘要】 本文根据声光调QYAG激光器整形青铜CBN砂轮的整形精度要求,从硬件和软件两个方面对控制系统进行设计。基于激光三角测量原理,从PSD光敏表面接受测量激光源能量的角度,重建激光三角测量公式。分析了误差产生的原因和提出了误差补偿的办法。 基于朗伯定律重建激光三角测量公式,分析了结构参数对激光三角测量分辨率的影响和测量误差产生原因:测量光源的入射光斑直径越小测量误差越小;测量光源应具有一定的功率范围,如果测量光源功率过低,PSD的接收光功率很小,光电信号弱,信噪比降低,信号波动增大,使测量精度降低;并采用扩束和非球面透镜组合光路、恒聚焦激光三角测量光路,减少误差,提高测量精度。 根据试验要求从硬件和软件两个方面设计控制系统。计算了在控制的过程中由于控制装置的反应时间产生的延迟误差,在系统的软硬件设计中,使用模块化设计,根据不同的功能将系统划分为不同的功能模块,并分别对不同的模块进行设计,调试,然后调试整个控制电路板。 硬件方面按功能划分为:二阶低通滤波器,A/D转换,复位电路,电源监测保护,晶振电路,D/A转换等功能模块。对于以上功能模块分别从技术指标和整个试验设计的角度进行设计。同时由于本控制系统中既有模拟信号,又有数字信号,为了防止相互干扰和环境干扰,采用了滤波,敷铜,接地,数字地和模拟地分开,旁路电容等抗干扰措施,防止信号失真。 为了实现硬件功能,设计软件对硬件功能模块进行控制。在软件中使用主程序进行循环计算和各个中断服务程序分别对上面的硬件功能模块进行管理。同时使用DMA进行数据传输提高A/D,D/A转换器的吞吐量,节省了数据转移的时间。采用看门狗软中断,提高了系统软件的稳健性。 选用合适的激光参数和工艺参数,采用上述测控装置进行声光调QYAG激光器烧蚀整形青铜CBN砂轮试验,使用千分表对青铜CBN砂轮在整形过程中和整形完成后分别按逆时针方向测量其圆度误差,测量整形后圆度和该砂轮整形前的圆度进行比较,可以看出得到较高的整形精度;从而验证了本文设计的测控装置能够控制声光调QYAG脉冲激光对青铜CBN砂轮进行整形,得到较理想的整形精度(16μm)。更多还原

【Abstract】 The closed-control system has been designed from two aspects: hardware and software, to attain the requirement of experiment that the bronze-bonded CBN grinding wheels truing is carried out by acoustic-optic (AO) Q- switched Nd:YAG pulse laser. The analysis to the mechanism of the laser triangulation device is going on to find out the reason why the error of the laser triangulation comes into being in this paper.Based on the law of LangBo’s receiving light energy, the laser triangulation formula is rebuilt, by the use of which the principle of producing the two errors in the measurement are founded out and the solutions to deduce these errors have been provided in this paper. The errors what the more little Measurement light source facular diameter is, the more small error is; the measurement power of the receiving is limited in the scope .if the measurement power is too lower, the photocurrent becomes weak and the Signal-to-Noise reduces, the fluctuation of the signal increases and the measure precision reduces. To deduce the error, the two methods have been adopted, one is optical path composed by expanding light bound and aspheric lens, the other is the focus on optical path permanently.In hardware, the system is parted into different function blocks, such as A/D transformation block, Data Memory Access block, D/A transformation block, Source Voltage Surveillance block, Watch dog block etc. From hardware aspect , many methods, including filtrating , connection to the ground, extend the copper lay under the power or the high frequency circuits, the separation of the analog and digit ground, have been adopted to improve the anti-jamming ability of control system.In software, the Watch dog has been programmed to improve the stability of system. Each interrupt service program to control the function blocks has been design and debugged independently. In the end, the whole system has been completely designed and debugged. The DMA block has been adopted to improve the throughout of the A/D and D/A blocks transformationThe experiment of the ablation truing of the bronze-bonded CBN grinding wheels by acoustic-optic (AO) Q- switched NdrYAG pulse laser is carried out. The laser and technology parameters which influence the accuracy of the truing is in analysis <> By the comparison of the figures of the quantity of更多还原