【作者】 姜永海；

【导师】 李秀金；

【作者基本信息】 北京化工大学 ， 环境工程， 2005， 硕士

【摘要】 熔融固化技术是目前国内外较先进的垃圾焚烧飞灰无害化处理方法,飞灰熔融玻璃化处理可以彻底消除飞灰中的二嗯英,保证固化重金属的长期稳定性,大大降低飞灰的体积;同时,熔融渣能再次用作土木、建筑等材料,可以有效实现废物资源化利用。 近年来,国内外对垃圾焚烧飞灰熔融固化技术做了大量的研究并取得很多成果。但目前,有关垃圾飞灰熔融过程研究甚少,对垃圾飞灰熔融过程中的各主要成分的迁移转化规律缺少深入的研究,影响了对飞灰熔融固化机理的认识。对添加剂的研究也少有报道。针对这种情况,本文做了以下两个方面研究。 一、研究熔融固化过程中飞灰主要成分的迁移转化规律。试验在有温控的高温实验熔融炉中对垃圾焚烧飞灰进行了动态熔融固化研究,对处理后的飞灰进行了XRF、XRD分析检测,分析了飞灰熔融过程中熔融渣的主要成分、物相组成、碱度、挥发率和减容率的变化规律。揭示了高含量Cl元素和S元素是引起飞灰熔融固化挥发率高的主要原因,并且可能主要以氯化物和硬石膏的形式分解挥发;发现了飞灰熔融时,熔融渣的碱度为0.95左右,此前未见有文献报道,此发现能为深入研究飞灰熔融机理提供理论基础。进而为有效控制飞灰熔融过程提供理论支持。 二、在添加剂方面,主要研究了添加SiO₂和自行配制的一种复合添加剂对飞灰熔融过程的影响。试验结果表明,飞灰中加入适量的SiO₂可以较为明显降低流动温度和挥发率,并对重金属的固定率有一定的影响;同时也发现了温度是影响重金属固定率的另一主要因素。配制的添加剂作用效果良好,其能够大幅度的降低飞灰的流动温度,同时也能减少飞灰中物质的挥发,增强熔融渣对重金属的固化效果（Zn除外）,减少熔融玻璃化的停留时间。因此添加剂对降低飞灰熔融固化的处理成本意义重大。更多还原

【Abstract】 Melting and solidification is the most promising solution of the various available technologies of treatment of fly ash for the present. The melting technology reduces the volume of fly ash, making the melted slag highly stable and non-toxic, moreover this type of treatment allows melted slag to be used as a resource again, such as construction material.In recent years, considerable research effort has been aimed at melting technology of fly ash from MSW incineration, and obtained a number of good results. But the research on the process of melting are extremely infrequent, the research on the behavior rule of the main chemical compositions are extremely infrequent, which impact to better understand the mechanism of meltingThe reports about additives can be little gotten. In the situation, the primary purpose of this study is to obtain two aspects as follows:This paper studied the migration patterns of main compositions of the fly ash from refuse incinerator during melting and solidification process. The experiment was performed in a high temperature melting furnace with temperature controlled. X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (XRF) and X-ray diffractometer (XRD) were used to analyze the fly ash treated. The parameters investigated included main compositional contents, alkalinity, volatilization rate, volume reduction rate etc. This study found out that higher amount of Cl and S in original fly ash could lead to more volatilization in更多还原