【作者】 刘其杰；

【导师】 胡翔； 王建龙；

【作者基本信息】 北京化工大学 ， 环境工程， 2005， 硕士

【摘要】 好氧颗粒污泥是存在于好氧条件下的细胞自身固定化聚集体,它可以提高好氧反应器的处理性能。本论文研究了以厌氧颗粒污泥接种培养形成好氧颗粒污泥的过程,并对好氧颗粒污泥的特性及其反应器的长期运行特性进行了考察。主要结果如下: 通过控制SBR系统的运行周期、沉降时间、曝气速率、温度等运行参数,以人工配水通过厌氧颗粒污泥接种,经四周培养获得了形态规则、活性良好的好氧颗粒污泥。通过对颗粒污泥形态的连续观察和反应器处理能力的考察,发现颗粒污泥的颜色自内向外逐渐从黑色变为浅黄色,颗粒污泥在好氧条件下逐渐具备了对COD和氨氮的去除能力,培养完成后好氧颗粒污泥反应器中污泥浓度达到5g/L以上。好氧颗粒污泥接种完成后,反应器中仍然是好氧颗粒污泥和絮体污泥共存的状态,沉淀过程中,由于沉降速率的不同会产生分层现象,但是颗粒污泥是主要的存在形式。 好氧颗粒污泥与接种厌氧颗粒污泥相比,其活性成分增加,含水率有所提高,沉降速度有所降低。好氧颗粒污泥的微生物相与内部结构都和厌氧颗粒污泥明显不同,其中的优势菌群为丝状菌和杆菌,并且主要分布在颗粒的外部;整个接种过程中,经历了Ca向颗粒富集的过程,应用本研究建立的SEM-能谱半定量测定方法,接种完成后整个反应器中80%以上的Ca都集中于颗粒上,且主要集中于颗粒的中心位置。根据试验测定的结果及其分析,推断钙等无机物质和胞外多聚物对于好氧颗粒污泥的形成和形态保持起到了重要作用。 考察了沉降时间变化对好氧颗粒污泥及反应器带来的影响,发现较低沉降时间有利于硝化微生物和好氧颗粒污泥的积累,对于改善反应器的运行状况较为有利,且沉降时间缩短给反应器处理效果造成的冲击在较短时期内可以得到恢复。曝气速率是影响系统剪切力的唯一因素,足够的曝气速率有利于维持污泥颗粒形态和结构,改善系统对COD和NH₄⁺-N的去除。更多还原

【Abstract】 Aerobic granular sludge, result of self-aggregation of microorganisms, is expected to have the ability to improve the performance of aerobic reactor. In this dissertation, experimental studies of the cultivation process of aerobic granular sludge by seeding anaerobic granular sludge in SBR, the characteristics and application of aerobic granular sludge were investigated. Following results have been obtained:Aerobic granular sludge, with regular shape and satisfactory biodegradation ability, was successfully obtained through the control of operation parameters during four weeks cultivation in SBR by seeding anaerobic granular sludge. The color of the granular sludge, originally black, changed to yellow from the surface to the center gradually. Both of granular and floccular sludge existed in the reactor at the end of the process, but granular sludge dominated in amount, with a concentration of above 5g/L. Result of different sedimentation rates, there were layered sedimentation during sedimentation period.Great difference was found between the aerobic granular sludge and anaerobic one in activated component ratio, water percentage, precipitation velocity and inner configuration. For the aerobic granular sludge, filamentous and bacillius bacteria were the dominant microorganisms while for anaerobic granular was spheral bacteria. Measurements of calcium concentration and observations of the aerobic granule through SEM revealed that the granules experienced a calcium enrichment process, finally leading to 80% calcium accumulation in the granules, and mainly in the center of the granules. Calcium and extra cellular polymers were更多还原