【作者】 范瑾巍；

【导师】 邓建元；

【作者基本信息】 北京化工大学 ， 高分子化学与物理， 2005， 硕士

【摘要】 多孔材料由于具有较大的比表面积、吸附容量和许多特殊的性能,在催化、分离、吸附、生物材料、色谱分离以及电、热、声学等领域得到广泛的应用。 模板法是一个简便、应用广泛的制备多孔材料的方法,同时也是一种能够在一个简单的步骤内在模板表面复制出复杂布局的有效且高产量的制备方法。在这种技术里模板作为一个反应骨架来合成其他多种材料。这种方法合成速度很快,而且从模板中转到产物具有完美的复制性,孔的尺寸和孔结构的周期可以通过改变胶体微球的尺寸来精确控制。 本论文利用表面带有大量功能单体(马来酸酐)的亚微米颗粒为模板制备三维连通,尺寸均一的多孔聚苯乙烯材料。由于苯乙烯与马来酸酐共存时会形成电子转移络合物,具有强烈的共聚倾向,所以利用此微球为模板,在复制孔结构的同时,在聚苯乙烯表面原位引入大量的功能单体。在实验中我们发现,不但孔的尺寸可以通过模板的尺寸进行控制,而且还可以通过调节合成模板时单体的投料比来控制孔内表面引入的功能单体的量。实验采用本课题组的专利技术(CN200310115329.4)自制模板,模板为均一尺寸的马来酸酐/醋酸乙烯酯共聚物微球,尺寸为130-600nm,且球径可控。在制备模板时,我们同时发现:模板在合成后未经处理的情况下,出现微米尺寸的聚合物项链结构,同时这种结构可呈现二维或者三维堆积。所以本论文利更多还原

【Abstract】 Porous materials have been widely used as catalytic surfaces and supports, separation and adsorbent media, biomaterials, chromatographic materials, and thermal, acoustic, and electrical insulators because they features high ratio of surface to volume, adsorbent capacity and special properties.Templating synthesis is a convenient and versatile method for generating porous materials. It is also a cost-effective and high-throughput procedure that allows the complex topology present on the surface of a template to be duplicated in a single step. In this technique, the template simply serves as a scaffold around which other kinds of materials are synthesized. Fabrication based on this approach is remarkable for its simplicity, and for its fidelity in transferring the structure from the template to the replica. The size of the pores and the periodicity of the porous structures can be precisely controlled and readily tuned by changing the size of the template microspheres.Uniformly sized, three dimensionally interconnected porous PS materials have been produced by templating against the submicrometer spheres with plenty remained maleic anhydride (MAn) onto their surfaces.Since MAn has very high alternating copolymerization reactivity with styrene (ST), by templating this kind of microspoheres many functional groups can be introduced onto the pore-surfaces of porous materials in situ. In the studies, we found that not only the size of pores but also the amount of functional groups onto the pore-surface can be controlled by adjusting the size of microspheres or changing the monomer feed ratio for the microspheres. The production of template has been described in the Patent. The template of maleic anhydride/ vinyl acetate copolymer microspheres is uniform and the controllable size ranges from 130 to 600nm. During the synthesis of the templates, we found that as-synthesized latex produced by a free stabilizer dispersion polymerization can give out copolymer necklaces with micrometer scale by evaporating solvent. And the necklace structures can spread two dimensionally and three dimensionally. So, we had fabricated mcirostructured materials by templating the class of loosely packed template. The materials with pores in the specific region can increase the surface area in the specific region without influencing the mechanical properties.This paper is composed of two parts. The first is fabrication of material with pores in the specific region which studied the effects of several materials as well as template latex density on packing of uniform microspheres and the effects of different removing solvents, the ratio of cross-linker and initiator in synthetic system, the time of removing template in solvent on pore morphology. The second elaborates the production of porous PS monoliths. In this part, the effects of template content in the system of template/monomers, size of template, the different removing solvents, the time of removing template on the morphology of pores and at last, the effect of monomers feed ratio of synthesis of template on the anhydride groups density onto pore-surface had been investigated. The products were characterized by FTIR, SEM, titration method and IBAS 1/2更多还原